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Attempts to explain the emergence of policy innovation are regularly constrained by the complexities of political processes
and the vagaries of social circumstance. Content analysis of media reports has been used routinely to provide an outline of
policy change. However, the results of content analysis can be simplistic and lacking in depth of meaning. This study added
the use of principal components analysis (PCA) of media text content to more substantively examine the evolution of a policy
“sea-change.” Both the manifest and latent content of newspaper accounts were analyzed to measure the salience of a public
policy innovation that expanded religious group utilization with the 1996 welfare reform act. In addition to tracing variations
in the flow of policy deliberation, the analysis more fully captured the character of public discourse that surrounded the
adoption of this controversial policy. Unexpected findings from analysis of the accounts included limited concern for Constitutional
infringement and no evidence of a regional bias toward increased religious group utilization. Furthermore, principal components
analysis of textual structure exhibited patterns of discourse indicative of privatistic (rather than communal) religious response,
limited concern with diverse social groups and pronounced reliance on “praise and blame” persuasive strategies. 相似文献
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Findings for recent data (circa 1970) are consistent with previous purported tests of the deterrence doctrine. For each of seven types of crime there is an inverse relation among the states of the U.S. between the rate and the certainty of imprisonment, but there is no significant relation between the rate and severity of imprisonment (length of sentence served). Although the findings justify reconsideration of the deterrence doctrine, the utility of further tests is questionable without first restating the doctrine as a systematic theory, one that incorporates (inter alia) perceptual variables pertaining to punishment (e.g. perceived certainty of punishment). However, several empirical question should be contemplated prior to stating a deterrence theory; and conventional data (e.g. published statistics on imprisonment) can be used to answer some of those questions. 相似文献
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