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11.
This paper seeks to explain the determinants of foreign expropriation in the developing world. We argue that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) helps to reduce the likelihood of nationalization because of the direct leverage the Fund holds over borrowers, especially as expropriation is a blatant violation of international property rights. Using expropriation data from 1961 to 2006, and several different measures for the Fund, we find that countries under IMF agreements are less likely to nationalize foreign firms. We also show that the Fund’s influence is greatest when the IMF loan represents a larger share of the borrower country’s gross domestic product (GDP) as well as in countries with weaker political institutions. The takeaway is that IMF continues to influence policy choices in the developing world. 相似文献
12.
Glen O'Hara 《The Political quarterly》2023,94(2):223-229
The history of New Labour is highly politicised, deployed either for its policy lessons (good or bad) or as a weapon in Labour's factional struggles. But, just as historians in the 1990s reassessed the premierships of Harold Wilson and James Callaghan, so the distance of time and the opening of archives offers an opportunity to reappraise New Labour as history. Such work raises five methodological challenges: the lack of sufficient distance from the subject to tell whether policy innovations will remain popular and permanent; the long shadow the Iraq war casts over this whole period; the deluge of data and sources available; the continuing and controversial part that key actors, such as Tony Blair, are still playing; and the lack of expertise any one author will inevitably face in some policy areas. This article addresses each of those difficulties in turn. 相似文献
13.
Glen Wright 《Trends in Organized Crime》2011,14(4):332-346
To date, transnational environmental crime has been poorly attended to by the transnational organised crime and transnational
policing discourse. Academics have focused on individual elements of environmental crime, neglecting a broader theoretical
discussion, while national and international institutions have prioritised other forms of organised crime, giving little thought
to the nuanced nature of transnational environmental crime and how this should be reflected in policing and countermeasures.
This paper attempts to rectify this by conceptualising transnational environmental crime and suggesting ways forward for countermeasure
development. The paper will begin by looking at the problem of environmental crime, its value, scope and effects, concluding
that the damaging nature of transnational environmental crime demands a greater focus on its policing. The nature of transnational
environmental crime will then be discussed by reference to traditional forms of organised crime. It will be argued that, while
transnational environmental crime is a form of organised crime, and has some features in common with the traditional organised
crimes, such as drug smuggling and people trafficking, it is the substantial differences that should guide the approach to
developing countermeasures. The development of effective countermeasures, it is concluded, requires a significant change in
policy at every level. 相似文献
14.
Glen Cheng 《环境索赔杂志》2009,21(2):120-141
This article examines the current legislative and administrative scheme for the regulation of lead hazards in houses rented or sold in New Jersey, and makes comparisons with Massachusetts' statutory scheme. This article also investigates other states' attempts to achieve prevention of residential lead poisoning. This article ultimately proposes that to effectuate the goals of its lead prevention legislation, New Jersey should implement surveillance systems and standardized procedures to ensure that housing is properly inspected and remediated for lead hazards prior to issuing certificates of occupancy of rental homes. 相似文献
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The current study used a random sample of 502 men and women to investigate the intergenerational transmission of violence
and assess the impact of family-of-origin violence on later adult intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization
while controlling for a host of theoretically-relevant factors and demographic characteristics. Six multivariate logistic
regression analyses were modeled to identify differential correlates depending upon type of violence perpetration and victimization.
Findings indicated a significant relationship between family-of-origin violence and psychological perpetration and victimization.
The acceptance of violence in relationships significantly correlated with physical violence perpetration. Finally, being married,
older, and employed protected against several forms of interpersonal violence. Policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Neurocops: the politics of prohibtion and the future of enforcing social policy from inside the body
Boire RG 《Journal of law and health》2004,19(2):215-257
Over the next decade an increasing number of new "pharmacotherapy" medications will become available with the potential to tremendously impact the use and abuse of illegal drugs and the overall direction of national and international drug policy. These pharmacotherapy medications are designed to block or significantly reduce the "highs" elicited by illegal drugs. Used as part of a drug treatment program, pharmacotherapy medications may provide valuable assistance for people voluntarily seeking a chemical aid in limiting or eliminating problem drug use. However, the tremendously politicized nature of the "drug war" raises substantial concerns that, in addition to those who voluntarily choose to use such medications, some people will be compelled to use them. This article concludes that in the absence of extraordinary circumstances, governmental action forcing or coercing a person to use a pharmacotherapy drug would violate a number of important legal rights. Among the rights implicated by compulsory use of pharmacotherapy drugs are the right to informed consent, the right to bodily integrity and privacy, the protection against cruel and unusual punishment, and the right to freedom of thought. 相似文献
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