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961.
Death From Butane Inhalation Abuse in Teenagers: Two New Case Studies and Review of the Literature
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Véronique Alunni M.D. Ph.D. Yvan Gaillard Pharm.D. Ph.D. François Castier MD. Marie‐Dominique Piercecchi‐Marti M.D. Ph.D. Gérald Quatrehomme M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(1):330-335
The ready availability of butane makes butane abuse frequent. Fatalities are rare. This study presents two cases of death by butane overdose. The postmortem analyses were carried out using headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. It revealed femoral blood butane concentrations of 18 and 22 mg/L, respectively, as well as specific combinations of adjuvants in each victim. In one of the victims, brain and fatty tissue also contained butane, pointing to chronic consumption. The originality of this study is to show that the identification of specific combinations of adjuvants can be helpful for identifying the brand of deodorant used. Also, sampling the skin and mucosa can help identify the method of drug delivery. The histological examination documented both the direct toxic effect of the gas on the respiratory mucosa and signs of chronic abuse. Volatile substance intoxications should be systematically considered in case of sudden death in a teenager. 相似文献
962.
Dalia Mohammed Alsaif M.B.B.S. S.B.F.L.M. Osama M. Almadani M.D. Ph.D. F.F.F.L.M. Salah Ali Almoghannam M.D. Dina Hamdi M.B.B.S. Maram A. Al‐Farayedhi M.B.B.S. S.B.F.L.M. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(4):1171-1175
Identifying children's risk exposure is the first step toward mortality prevention. This retrospective study determined the causes of child fatalities in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Death reports of children and adolescents from 1999 to 2015 (N = 157) were analyzed. Boys represented most cases (69%) and there were two age peaks (1–5 years and 16–18 years). Accidents (typically immersion) defined the main death circumstance (51%) followed by homicide (25%). Only 33% of cases underwent autopsy, and the most common cause of death was head injury (27%) followed by firearm injury. Only one immersion death underwent autopsy. This study revealed important data about the risk exposure of children in Dammam and emphasizes deficient investigative procedures. Child fatality reviews comprise systematic data collection by multidisciplinary teams to determine the true risks toward children in a community. Such teams do not exist in Arab countries; therefore, strategies should be implemented to initiate them. 相似文献
963.
Organizing a Proficiency Testing Program on Stamp Impressions Examination in Accordance with ISO/IEC 17043 Requirements
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Chi‐keung Li Ph.D. Janesse Wing‐sze Hui Ph.D. Chi‐Ming Pang Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(5):1556-1560
Stamps and stamp impressions examinations are based on matching defects and design details on the questioned and control samples. These examinations are routinely carried out by document examiners around the world. International proficiency tests for questioned documents examination have been available for decades while similar programs specifically focusing on stamp impressions examination are rare. This study reported a recent proficiency testing program on stamp impressions examination organized by an accredited provider in accordance with ISO/IEC 17043 requirements. Twenty‐four forensic laboratories registered for the program. Apart from giving details on the design and operation of the program, this study also aimed to provide the limitations and difficulties encountered in sample preparations, homogeneity, and stability tests of the testing materials. Various comments and feedbacks received from the participants, particularly in respect of examination approaches, challenges faced by the participants in forming conclusions and their suggestions for further improvement would be evaluated. 相似文献
964.
Skeletal Trauma Resulting From Fatal Low (≤3 m) Free Falls: An Analysis of Fracture Patterns and Morphologies
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Samantha K. Rowbotham M.Ar.Sc. Soren Blau Ph.D. Jacqueline Hislop‐Jambrich Ph.D. Victoria Francis M.B.B.S. M.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(4):1010-1020
The skeletal trauma resulting from fatal low (≤3 m) free falls is poorly researched and understood by forensic practitioners. The aim of this study was to identify the types of skeletal trauma resulting from low falls through investigating fracture patterns and morphologies. Skeletal trauma was analyzed using full‐body postmortem computed tomography scans of 145 individuals who died from a low free fall. Trauma was then contextualized to the variables that influence how a person falls using multiple logistic regression. Results showed fracture patterning primarily involved the axial skeleton and that there were a number of patterns significantly associated with the height fallen, pre‐existing health conditions, and age. Analysis of fracture morphologies showed 108 possible fracture types, six of which were significantly associated with the height fallen. Understanding the skeletal trauma characteristic of low free falls will further inform anthropological interpretations of trauma in cases where a fall may be considered the possible mechanism. 相似文献
965.
Katja Volz M.Sc. Lisa‐Marie Bahr M.Sc. Markus Heinrichs Ph.D. Dieter Vaitl Ph.D. Wolfgang Ambach Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(5):1419-1428
An approach toward detecting hidden knowledge is the Concealed Information Test (CIT). It relies on the memory of crime‐relevant information. This study investigated whether its validity is susceptible to memory distortion by misleading information. A misleading information paradigm was employed to distort memory prior to an interrogation with a CIT. Forty‐one participants watched a video with specific crime‐related information. After a 1‐week retention interval, misleading information was introduced. Afterward, a CIT was performed, followed by a threefold memory test. When misleading information was presented, memory performance was reduced, and no physiological response differences between crime‐relevant and crime‐irrelevant information were found. Without presenting misleading information, physiological responses differed between responses to crime‐relevant and crime‐irrelevant information. However, responses in all physiological measures also differed between misleading and irrelevant information. The results indicate that the CIT is susceptible to misleading information, which reduces its validity in specific constellations. 相似文献
966.
HONG Qiao 《Frontiers of Law in China》2016,11(1):123
Since the founding of New China in 1949, the land law system with Chinese characteristics has been formed based on various practices, inter alia, the evolution of the rural land law system from the agrarian reform to the cooperative and people’s communes and further to the household contract responsibility system, which made historical contributions to the development of Chinese social economy. However, with the development of the practices and the deepening of the reform, China’s land law system is facing great challenges under the new circumstances. Although many differences exist between English land law and Chinese land law in the areas of legal form, the regulated objects and contents, English land law can provide some beneficial enlightenment to China’s land law reform. Particularly, the “paradox of English land law,” which presents the way how the English land law, as the law adjusting the basic property relations with many traditional factors, responds to the process of social and economic development with leaps and bounds. 相似文献
967.
This article explores the democratic values underlying public services when they are outsourced. Building on Rosenbloom and Piotrowski's (2005a, 2005b) framework, we examine whether and how administrative law norms – that serve as central democratic governance and accountability mechanisms in the administrative state – are extended to the new (private) frontline service providers. Through a study of the regulation of the privatized welfare‐to‐work programme in Wisconsin, we find that new forms of administrative law are evolving in third‐party government. These forms differ from administrative law as it usually applies to public agencies in several important aspects. The findings highlight the active role of legislative and administrative mechanisms in the promotion of these new forms of administrative law; and they shed light on the transformations that administrative law norms undergo in the age of third‐party government. 相似文献
968.
组织人事部门作为党委的重要工作部门,担负着为党执政选拔、使用、培养干部尤其是优秀领导干部的重要职责,具有直接服务于党的执政能力建设的显著特点。干部人事工作与党的执政能力建设这种既服务、又促进的关系,要求组工干部不仅要增强自身的执政意识和执政能力,还要善于为党的执政建设储备新鲜血液和谋划发展动力。 相似文献
969.
一般竞争管制与行业竞争管制在电信管制中的冲突与协调--加拿大电信管制的经验及对我国的启示 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文分析了电信业在破除垄断、引入竞争后,电信管制中,一般竞争管制与电信行业管制之间对电信经营活动管辖权存在的冲突与协调这一现象.通过介绍加拿大富有特色的做法及解决模式,结合我国现阶段的实际,以推进我国电信业发展,建立完善的电信竞争政策执行机制为目标,提出我国解决这一问题可采取的对策. 相似文献
970.
Zuzanna Brożek‐Mucha Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(3):678-681
Abstract: A reconstruction of an incident of a fatal wounding of a football fan with a parachute flare was performed. Physical and chemical examinations of the victim’s trousers and parts of a flare removed from the wound in his leg were performed by means of an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. Signs of burning were seen on the front upper part of the trousers, including a 35–40 mm circular hole with melted and charred edges. Postblast residue present on the surface of the trousers contained strontium, magnesium, potassium, and chlorine. Also the case files—the medical reports and the witnesses’ testimonies—were thoroughly studied. It has been found that the evidence collected in the case supported the version of the victim being shot by another person from a distance. 相似文献