日本血吸虫重组蛋白LHD-Sj23-GST诱导的细胞免疫应答和免疫保护效果

为探讨日本血吸虫重组蛋白LHD-Sj23-GST与3种不同类型佐剂(弗氏佐剂、ISA 206佐剂、ISA70M佐剂)配伍后免疫小鼠诱导的细胞免疫应答及免疫保护效果,应用流式细胞术检测并比较该重组蛋白配伍3种佐剂3次免疫后小鼠脾细胞中的CD4+、CD8+T细胞及细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10水平;3次免疫后小鼠人工攻击感染日本血吸虫尾蚴,6周后经肝门静脉灌注冲虫,计数各组平均虫体数并计算减虫率。与PBS对照组相比,LHD-Sj23-GST/FA和LHD-Sj23-GST/70M免疫组的CD4+T细胞显著升高(P<0.05),LHD-Sj23-GST/206免疫组未呈现明显变化;3种不同佐剂配伍LHD-Sj23-GST免疫组CD8+T细胞水平均显著降低(P<0.05);与PBS对照组相比,免疫组的IFN-γ及IL-10水平升高,而IL-4水平降低。LHD-Sj23-GST/FA、LHD-Sj23-GST/206和LHD-Sj23-GST/70M免疫组与PBS对照组相比,分别获得65.52%、51.72%和51.72%的减虫率;而相较于各自的佐剂对照组,则分别获得58.76%,26.31%,54.28%的减虫率。结果表明,用重组蛋白LHD-Sj23-GST配伍3种不同类型佐剂免疫小鼠,均刺激产生了偏向Th1型的细胞免疫应答,且都对小鼠诱导了较高的免疫保护作用。     

宽严相济刑事政策下裁量不起诉制度的价值取向及其运行

裁量不起诉是我国现行刑事诉讼法确立的基本制度之一,其在价值功能等方面与"宽严相济"刑事政策更相契合.目前,裁量不起诉制度的运行还存在不少问题,为了贯彻"宽严相济"刑事政策,促进构建和谐社会,检察机关必须依法充分行使裁量不起诉权.     

鸭跖草的显微鉴别研究

目的 对鸭跖草药材的微观组织形态进行研究,为鸭趾草的显微鉴别提供依据.方法 对药材徒手切片并进行显微制片,利用光学显微镜对其进行微观特征观察,并拍摄图片.结果 鸭跖草茎横切面表皮细胞一列,偶尔可见非腺毛,内侧有3～4层厚角组织,维管束纤维连续排列成环,维管束间断排列,茎中部薄壁组织中还具散在维管束.叶横切面上下表皮细胞大小不一,维管束鞘细胞两层,栅状细胞一列,上下表面可见两种类型的非腺毛,叶肉细胞含草酸钙针晶、棱晶、方晶.总苞片表面密被短硬毛.结论 本研究结果 鸭跖草显微特征进行了补充,为鸭跖草药材的相关鉴别标准提供了参考.     

理筋正骨手法联合消瘀接骨散治疗陈旧性踝关节扭伤临床观察

目的 观察理筋正骨手法联合消瘀接骨散治疗陈旧性踝关节扭伤的疗效.方法 采用随机数字表法将60例陈旧性踝关节扭伤患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,治疗组患者采用理筋正骨手法联合消瘀接骨散治疗,对照组患者采用中频电联合消瘀接骨散治疗.采用视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)对患者治疗前后踝关节疼痛进行评分,采用压痛仪测定患者主诉最为疼痛部位的数值,采用表面肌电(surface electromyography,sEMG)检测仪及其配套电脑软件采集并分析治疗前后中位频率(median frequency,MF)和积分肌电(integrated electromyography,iEMG)的值,采用Baird-Jackson踝关节功能评分评价治疗前后踝关节功能改善程度,并参考《中医病证诊断疗效标准》进行疗效评价.结果 治疗组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05).与治疗前比较,两组治疗后VAS评分减少,压痛数值、Baird-Jackson踝关节功能各项评分、腓骨长短肌iEMG值和MF值增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且各指标减少或增加程度,治疗组与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 理筋正骨手法结合消瘀接骨散可有效减轻陈旧性踝扭伤患者的疼痛,改善踝周肌肉募集程度,降低踝周肌群疲劳度,改善踝关节功能,且疗效优于中频电疗法结合消瘀接骨散.     

Constraining Executive Action: The Role of Legislator Professionalization in Latin America

What explains the failure of legislatures with strong constitutionally endowed powers to exert themselves over the executive in practice? We examine the role of legislator professionalization in strengthening the legislature's ability to constrain executive action, conceptualizing legislator professionalization as prior legislative experience and prior professional work experience. We argue that more professionalized legislators, through the skill and knowledge they bring to the policymaking process from prior experience, will be better equipped to challenge executive authority. In a sample of four Latin American countries from 1990 through 2010, we find that legislatures are more likely to curb executive decree issuance when individual legislators are strongly professionalized, controlling for constitutional powers and several other partisan and political factors. Our findings suggest that legislatures composed of more professionalized legislators can constrain executive action, especially in the context of a unified political opposition in the legislature.     

Presidential Approval and Public Security in Mexico's War on Crime

To fight criminal organizations effectively, governments require support from significant segments of society. Citizen support provides important leverage for executives, allowing them to continue their policies. Yet winning citizens' hearts and minds is not easy. Public security is a deeply complex issue. Responsibility is shared among different levels of government; information is highly mediated by mass media and individual acquaintances; and security has a strong effect on peoples' emotions, since it threatens to affect their most valuable assets—life and property. How do citizens translate their assessments of public security into presidential approval? To answer this question, this study develops explicit theoretical insights into the conditions under which different dimensions of public security affect presidential approval. The arguments are tested using Mexico as a case study.