转型期的社会管制与自组织治理——美国进步时代的治理启示

19世纪末20世纪初的进步时代是美国社会的重要转型期。为应对这一时期社会领域出现的失控和无序现象,政府开始加强社会管制,社会自组织治理也开始逐渐兴起,通过多元治理机制的协调互动,最终为国家重构了良好的制度氛围和发展环境。本文认为,发挥社会自组织的治理优势,推进其与治理机制的有效结合,对转型期中国政府的治理改革具有重要的借鉴意义。     

略论民事诉讼法的修订——以社会管理创新为视角

加强和创新社会管理离不开制度创新,民事诉讼法的修订就是这样一种制度创新。由于民事诉讼对化解社会矛盾具有无可替代的作用,是加强社会管理必不可少的一种机制,而民事诉讼法作为规范这种机制的法律自颁布施行以来几乎经久未变,已难适应当今现实生活的多元化要求,特别是难以满足群众诉求和更有力更科学地化解社会矛盾的需要,故修订民事诉讼法以服务社会管理便势在必行。为此,其修订应当紧紧围绕畅通诉求渠道、解决民事纠纷、维护人民权益、构建和谐社会的政策目标,应当注意贯彻依法有序、公平迅速、程序正当等法律理念和精神。在修订的内容上,可以从宏观、中观和微观层次全面进行,但需突出若干重点。     

Identification Using Frontal Sinus by Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction from Computed Tomography*

Abstract: Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images have been increasingly applied and accepted in forensic sciences. Along with radiographs and CT images, the frontal sinus is often used for the individual identification because of its unique and unchangeable characteristics. The purpose of this study is to define the usefulness of three‐dimensional (3‐D) images of the frontal sinus for identification. CT images from 119 Korean cadavers were built up for 3‐D reconstruction and surveyed with 15 measurements. The total volume of the sinus, some nonmetric characteristics, and the bilateral asymmetry index in men differed significantly from those in women (p < 0.05). The digit codes, six sections and 10‐digit number, were almost able to accurately identify individuals (98%). This study showed a statistical difference between the sexes and classified the fused and prominent middle sinuses for the first time. This proposed method for identification is more accurate than those used in other studies.     

Income inequality,distributive unfairness,and support for democracy: evidence from East Asia and Latin America

Concern about rising economic inequality is widespread among ordinary citizens, academics, and policymakers. In particular, income inequality not only intensifies the conflicts between the rich and poor citizens but also leads to political instability. In this article, we investigate how income inequality is related to people’s support for democracy by including both objective and subjective measures of inequality. Using data collected from 28 democracies in East Asia and Latin America during 2013 and 2015, we demonstrate that inequality, measured in either a subjective or objective way, decreases with people’s satisfaction with democracy. In addition, we find that in East Asian countries, subjective measures of inequality, perceived unfairness of income inequality in particular, provide a better explanation of people’s dissatisfaction with democracy than the Gini index, a commonly used objective measure of inequality. Our findings are robust to different model specifications and offer micro-level evidence suggesting that unfair income distribution undermines the consolidation of democracies.     

Establishing Likelihood Ratios for Patterned Garment Comparisons from Seam Measurement Data,

It is often challenging to ascribe an objective measure of confidence for identifications based on surveillance imagery from a crime scene. The present work seeks to address this deficiency in the case of garment comparison evidence by developing a quantitative method for establishing a conservative lower bound on the likelihood ratio (LR) for identifications involving patterned garments. The method is based on statistical analysis of pattern offset measurements taken from a sample of garments of the same type (manufacturer, style, and size) as the seized evidence. The developed analysis framework was demonstrated on different types of garments over a range of modeled surveillance imaging scenarios with variable image quality; the lower bounds on the LRs ranged from approximately 10–1 to over 400–1. The statistical model was tested and validated through a large‐scale empirical study involving both simulated and human observer‐performed garment comparisons.     

RAPD和ISSR分子标记检测大麻的遗传多样性初探

目的利用随机扩增多态性DNA和简单序列重复区间扩增分子标记检测大麻遗传多样性,并探讨其在法医学中的应用价值。方法收集中国4省6个地区的100株大麻叶子样品,采用CTAB法提取基因组DNA,设计选择11个RAPD引物和13个ISSR引物,采用6%中性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳-硝酸银染色法进行检测,根据出现的条带数目和片段大小等分析大麻的多样性。结果 11条RAPD引物扩增出的片段在200bp以上共52条,其中具有多态性的27条;ISSR引物扩增出126条,其中具有多态性的73条;多态性条带比率分别为51.9%和57.9%,其差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 RAPD和ISSR两种方法均可用于大麻遗传多样性分析,对检测毒品原植物的种类和来源地具有一定的应用前景。     

冠心病猝死者心肌中SOCS-1和Bax的表达

目的采用免疫组化方法,观察细胞因子信号转导抑制因子-1(SOCS-1)和Bax在冠心病猝死(SCD)者心肌中的表达情况,探讨其对SCD诊断的意义。方法 25例诊断为SCD者心脏样本为实验组,25例非心血管疾病猝死者心脏样本为对照组。应用免疫组织化学方法检测SOCS-1和Bax在心肌中的表达,应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计处理,组间比较采用秩和检验。结果 SCD猝死者心肌SOCS-1与Bax的表达明显高于对照组,Uc值SOCS-1为5.830 6,Bax为5.573,两种指标组间比较,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01);SCD组中SOCS-1表达阳性以上且Bax表达弱阳性以上有22例,而正常对照组仅有1例。结论 SOCS-1与Bax均可能参与了细胞凋亡的过程,检测两种指标在心肌中阳性表达,可以为SCD的诊断提供客观依据,且联合检测可提高SCD诊断的特异性。     

自甘冒险规则在大众体育运动健康权侵权中的适用

自甘冒险规则在大众体育运动健康权侵权中有着重要的作用.为了完善我国大众体育运动领域侵权责任,引入自甘冒险制度是有必要的.但是,应该准确区分自甘冒险规则与过失相抵规则、公平责任原则的区别.而且,为了防止自甘冒险规则被滥用,也应该对其适用加以必要的限制.     

Terrorism: The view from Taiwan

Abstract

Pointing out that the circumstances as regards terrorism in Taiwan are far different from those prevailing in, say, Israel or Italy, the authors describe the conditions that have faced the ROC since 1949, the beleaguered fortress mentality, the emergency legislation, and the anti‐terrorist measures, including restrictions on political and civil rights, taken in what may be called a period of protracted crisis. In the authors’ view, the goal of a fundamentally democratic political system will depend to a great extent on outside forces and influences.