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101.
Conclusions There are reasonable grounds for assuming that unreported crime is extensive. Inasmuch as questionnaires are the major source
of data for self-reported crime and delinquency and Clark and Tifft have seriously challenged the validity of this data source,
it seems these areas lack a valid and unequivocal basis for assessing theory. It seems rather pointless to pursue etiological
studies until new, valid, and reliable sources of data are available for theory construction and testing.
The contention that interdisciplinary research is needed in Criminology is strengthened by the Clark and Tifft study, which
offers an instance of fruitful interdisciplinary collaboration. Other recognized examples of significant interdisciplinary
effort include the works of Pasmanick,et.al.,23 Srole,et. al.,24 and Lindner,et. al.
25
Students of crime and delinquency must break through the parochialism of unitary and doctrinaire commitment to their own disciplines.
In particular, sociologists must learn increasingly to utilize and embrace, at least on the micro-level, the potentials offered
by other sciences, especially the life sciences. An alternative to this proposal would be a largescale consecutive birth study;
then, perhaps in a quarter of a century, we might have the data necessary to formulate tentative etiological conclusions. 相似文献
102.
This article reports on a research project that deals with howto
ensure democratic accountability when military forces areused under the
auspices of international institutions. The internationalcommunity has
developed a range of ways in which military forcescan be used. States have
also decided that in some cases militaryforces can be deployed to pacify
intra-state as well as inter-stateconflicts. States have developed
a mixed system to deal withthe issues of democratic accountability. Although
military operationsare conducted under the auspices of international
institutions,states maintain control over decisions to deploy their troops.
Democraticcontrol and accountability have been maintained through national
institutionsand procedures. International authorization, preferably by theUN
Security Council, is important to establish internationaland domestic
legitimacy, but it is not the essential mechanismfor ensuring democratic
accountability. 相似文献
103.
104.
105.
Illuminations and Shadows from Jury Simulations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the 18 years since authors in Law and Human Behavior's special issue on simulation research called for more realistic jury simulations, jury simulations of all kinds have proliferated. While simulations in general represent a significant improvement over nonempirical armchair speculation about jury behavior, the more ecologically valid features of recent simulations increase both the quality and the persuasiveness of simulation results. Still missing, however, are theories and a data base that will signal when these more elaborate and expensive design features are crucial. 相似文献
106.
107.
Gay W. Seidman Ronald H. Chilcote Stanley A. Kochanek Raymond Clémencon Roderic A. Camp Wilfred L. David Stephen M. Smith Theodore Panayotou Norman Rask David G. Abler Richard L. Clinton Hooshang Amirahmadi Charles D. Brockett 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1989,24(3):70-96
108.
Harold Orlans 《Society》1989,26(4):24-25
Harold Orlans, of Chevy Chase, Maryland, was formerly on the staff of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. His books include The Nonprofit Research Institute, Contracting for Knowledge, Private Accreditation and Public Eligibility,and Nonprofit Organizations.Philip Lyons helped to gather the information in this article. 相似文献
109.
The need for improved long-run projections of prison populations has increased in recent years because of record-high numbers of inmates and severe overcrowding in state and federal prisons, and because of the growing importance of changing demographic factors in influencing corrections populations. A model is developed for projecting: general population demographics; demographic- and offense-specific arrest rates, imprisonment probabilities, and times served; and then the size and composition of prison populations. Model parameters are estimated for Pennsylvania and are shown to be sensitive to demographic factors, particularly age and race. Projections of future arrests, prison commitments, and prison population are developed for Pennsylvania using projections of demographic changes in the state's population. Arrests are expected to peak in 1980, prison commitments are expected to peak in 1985, and prison populations are expected to peak in 1990, with the subsequent declines reflecting the maturation of the postwar baby boom children out of the highly crime-prone ages and, somewhat later, out of the highly prison-prone ages. 相似文献
110.