Paternity Testing Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics: recommendations on genetic investigations in paternity cases

The International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) has established a Paternity Testing Commission (PTC) with the purpose of formulating international recommendations concerning genetic investigations in paternity testing. The PTC recommends that paternity testing be performed in accordance with the ISO 17025 standards. The ISO 17025 standards are general standards for testing laboratories and the PTC offers explanations and recommendations concerning selected areas of special importance to paternity testing.     

论中国对专属经济区内他国军事活动的法律立场——以“无暇号”事件为视角

沿海国在专属经济区内是否享有对外国军事活动的管辖权一直以来都存在争议,美国的无暇号海洋测量船闯入中国专属经济区这一事件更引起了中美两国的外交争端。沿海国在专属经济区内享有安全利益,未经沿海国的许可,他国不得借军事测量为名在沿海国的专属经济区内从事危害其国家安全的活动。这种军事测量活动不仅与《联合国海洋法公约》中和平利用海洋的宗旨相悖,而且也不在海洋自由之列,中国可以对此进行必要的拦截。     

我国反垄断法域外管辖制度初探

反垄断法域外管辖是对国外发生但是对国内市场产生限制、排除竞争影响的垄断行为适用国内反垄断法的制度。反垄断法域外管辖主要集中在国际卡特尔以及跨国并购领域,其本质是要通过反垄断法的域外管辖来规制跨越国界的垄断行为,维护国内市场的竞争秩序以及国家利益。反垄断法在实施域外管辖过程中会引起法律适用冲突。为了避免这种冲突,主要国家达成了反垄断双边合作模式。我国应该与相关国家签署反垄断双边合作协议,采取适合我国国情以及经济发展水平的反垄断法域外管辖制度。     

环保NGO的人才输入与大学生就业问题分析

环保主体除了政府部门以外,还有一支重要的力量就是NGO。本文通过实地走访、调查问卷等方式调查了我国环保NGO的人才输入现状,并将这一现状与金融危机背景下当代中国大学生的就业问题联系起来,对两大群体的互动性和沟通途径进行了综合分析,以期为促进环保NGO的可持续发展和大学生环保与公民意识方面的自我提升提供借鉴。     

The 2000-2001 GEP-ISFG Collaborative Exercise on mtDNA: assessing the cause of unsuccessful mtDNA PCR amplification of hair shaft samples

We report the results of Spanish and Portuguese working group (GEP) of International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) Collaborative Exercise 2001-2002 on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis. 64 laboratories from Spain, Portugal and several Latin-American countries participated in this quality control exercise. Five samples were sent to the participating laboratories, four blood stains (M1-M4) and a sample (M5) consisting of two hair shaft fragments. M4 was non-human (Felis catus) in origin; therefore, the capacity of the labs to identify the biological source of this sample was an integral part of the exercise. Some labs detected the non-human origin of M4 by carrying out immuno-diffussion techniques using antihuman serum, whereas others identified the specific animal origin by testing the sample against a set of animal antibodies or by means of the analysis of mtDNA regions (Cyt-b, 12S, and 16S genes). The results of the other three human blood stains (M1-M3) improved in relation to the last Collaborative Exercises but those related to hairs yielded a low rate of success which clearly contrasts with previous results. As a consequence of this, some labs performed additional analysis showing that the origin of this low efficiency was not the presence of inhibitors, but the low quantity of DNA present in these specific hair samples and the degradation.As a general conclusion the results emphasize the need of external proficiency testing as part of the accreditation procedure for the labs performing mtDNA analysis in forensic casework.