10 Jahre danach: Geschlechterverhältnisse in Veränderung

Die aktuellen Umbauprozesse moderner Gesellschaften sind mit Veränderungen in den Organisationsforrnen des Geschlechterverhältnisses, von Geschlechterregimen und -arrangements verbunden. Im Artikel werden diese Veränderungen unter drei Gesichtspunkten diskutiert: Erstens werden in einem Rückblick auf Veränderungen in der Situation ostdeutscher Frauen bzw. in den ostdeutschen Geschlechterarrangements deren ambivalente Wirkungen in den veränderten gesellschaftlichen Kontexten aufgezeigt. Zweitens werden Entwicklungen skizziert, die zu neuen sozialen Grenzziehungen und Ungleichheiten führen und gefragt, ob und wie diese mit der Geschlechterdifferenz bzw. mit einer Neufiguration von Geschlechterarrangements verknüpuft sind. Drittens wird auf konzeptionelle Herausforderungen eingegangen, die sich aus diesen Entwicklungen für Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung abzeichnen.     

Food security and human rights in Indonesia

Food is crucial to an adequate standard of living. The acknowledgement of the right to food in government policies is fundamental to the protection of human dignity, particularly in relation to food insecurity. It allows the right-holder to seek redress and hold government accountable for non-fulfilment. With reference to Indonesia, the article highlights deficits in meeting obligations to the right to food as stipulated in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The state links food policy to the issue of national stability, with a resulting focus on the national rather than household or individual levels, and the inhibition at the grassroots of the right to food.     

Prevalence and effects of violence against women in a rural community in Minia governorate, Egypt

This study was carried out to investigate prevalence and the characteristics of domestic violence (DV) against women in a rural area in Minia governorate, Egypt, as well as its physical and psychological consequences. Seven hundred and seventy-two women were interviewed. Sociodemographic data were collected; the WHO questionnaire was used to identify the abuse; the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IIIR (SCID) to detect psychiatric disorders. Abused females constituted 57.4% of the total sample. There were significant relationships between DV and low education, low income, higher number of children, and husband's education. Psychiatric disorders occurred in 18% of the sample. There were statistically significant relationships between psychological and physical abuse of women and the occurrence of psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, DV against women was related to various negative health outcomes, and it is recommended to be given its real importance in both Forensic Medicine Council and in psychiatric assessment.     

JOBS Implementation in 1991: The Progress of Ten States

The Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training Program (JOBS),enacted by the Family Support Act of 1988, provides an arrayof services intended to increase the earning capacity and labor-forceparticipation of welfare recipients. Because the law gives statesdiscretion in creating JOBS programs, a ten-state, three-yearstudy of JOBS implementation is under way. During federal fiscalyear 1991, the first year in which all states must operate JOBS,most of the ten states made incremental changes to the programsthey had in place before JOBS. They designed their programsto be flexible enough to cope with uncertainty about the typesand availability of service components. As a group, they spentenough to draw down 43 percent of their federal JOBS funds.To obtain education, training, and employment services, statewelfare agencies are contracting with many organizations. Moststate welfare agencies are also obtaining resourcesfrom otheragencies without payment. Although states generally implementedJOBS with little fanfare, they all planned to meet the federalmandates for program participation and targeting of expendituresin 1991.     

Budgeting for Accountability: Municipal Budgeting for the 1990s

The emphasis of a public budget depends on the time and circumstances in which it is developed. During the 1990s, for example, the emphasis has increasingly been on accountability due to widespread public belief in recent years that government is uncontrollable and responds only to special interests. Over the past few years, local budgeters have begun to adapt to this new environment by improving the accountability of the budget to the public. This article summarizes some of the changes taking place and suggests some additional changes that could be adopted to make local budgeting more accountable.     

Conflict dynamics in post-2011 Libya: a political economy perspective

After the fall of the Qadhafi regime Libya has become a theatre of conflict and violence. In the midst of the vacuum left by the sudden collapse of the old regime, various groups have come to contest their role in a new Libya. Illicit trafficking and the exploitation of oil resources have contributed to this struggle by empowering certain actors over others and by exhausting the capacity of the state. This article investigates the derailing of the Libyan transition and the opening of a new phase of conflict from a political economy perspective. It engages with key arguments developed in the literature on the economic causes of war and shows that the conflict in Libya challenges some of their conclusions. The establishment of areas of de facto sovereignty—warlordism—suggests two key factors explaining the discrepancy between theoretical arguments and empirical evidence: the problematic and contested definition of state and non-state actors in Libya; and an emerging political economy which is best described as an overproduction of governance rather than a lack of it.     

Norwegian Local Councils as Democratic Meta‐governors? A Study of Networks Established to Manage Cross‐border Natural Resources

Focusing on democracy, the question raised in this article is whether it is possible for local councils to play a role as democratic meta-governors in situations with cross-border conflicts over interests. According to the authors' definition, democratic meta-governance implies that the local councils assure that all interests are taken into account in governing networks. The analysis is based on data from extensive studies of two Norwegian networks dealing with cross-border natural resources. Not surprisingly, the authors' answer is rather negative. Based on analysis of who actually participates in the networks and the way the involved local councils deal with the question of democracy, this may be explained by the fact that each local council represents a specific defend interest held by the majority in their constituency. Instead of opening up and allowing the required participation, which may give the networks the legitimacy they need, the local councils are closing the networks in order to better get their interests heard. It should therefore be considered whether responsibility for securing democracy in the management of cross-border natural resources should be given to a regional or national authority, above the level of local government.     

National Support For Regional Review: Federal Compliance and The Future of Intergovernmental Coordination

In 1969, OMB issued Circular A-95 to broaden the "confidentialexchange" between applicants and federal agencies, to providestate and local clearinghouses an opportunity to review federalassistance applications. Because President Reagan recently signedExecutive Order 12372 revoking A-95 and making states responsiblefor procedures governing regional coordination of federal programs,this is a useful time to analyze and evaluate the A-95 experience.Any review process somehow must solve the three critical, overlappingproblems which plagued A-95 from the outset: unpredictable andinsufficient funding, vague review criteria, and poor federalcompliance. This article focuses on federal noncompliance: theextent of agency violations, structural and political reasonsfor noncompliance, and the success of efforts to modify andimprove the system. The study draws on a 1981 survey of RegionV areawide clearinghouses and the author's experience as a 1980–1981NASPAA Faculty Fellow with the Chicago Federal Regional Council.