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61.
This study examined the influences of race, gender, and recent court experience on citizens’ perceptions of the courts in their communities. Using national survey data collected in 2000, this research assessed variation in perceptions of the courts along four dimensions: differential treatment, fair procedure and outcome, concern and respect, and overall evaluation. The results showed that racial minorities, including Blacks and Latinos, were more likely than Whites to have negative attitudes toward the courts. While race is generally a better predictor than gender, the interaction between gender and race is important in understanding citizen’s perceptions of the courts. Citizens who have recent personal contact with the courts tend to rate the courts less favorable than those who have no recent contact. Citizens’ opinions of the police and equal opportunity are also significantly related to their perceptions of the courts. Implications for policy and future research are discussed. 相似文献
62.
Ru?ica Tokali? Ivan Buljan Niels Mejlgaard Mar Carrió Alexander Lang Gema Revuelta Ana Maru?i? HEIRRI Consortium 《法庭科学研究(英文)》2021,6(4):320-330
Responsible research and innovation, or RRI, is a concept that aims to bring together society and science for a better future. There are six key elements of RRI: public engagement, gender equality, science education, open access, ethics and governance. Higher Education Institutions and Responsible Research and Innovation (HEIRRI) project aimed to bring the concept of RRI into the educational system. Using state-of-the-art review of good practices, HEIRRI team developed 10 training programmes on RRI for different higher education institution educational levels, including a summer school and a massive open online course (MOOC). We conducted pilot of the trainings and evaluated participants' experiences. Satisfaction with HEIRRI training programmes on responsible research and innovation was high, both for participants and for the trainers, and trainings raised awareness of RRI. Participants' feedback was used to identify areas that need improvement and provided for recommendations for final versions of the HEIRRI training programmes. In order to equip researchers with skills to recognize and apply RRI values, RRI should be included in their education. HEIRRI training is suitable for a range of different disciplines, including forensic science, and is free to use and adjust for specific contexts (available from: https://rri-tools.eu/heirri-training-programmes). 相似文献
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Political Behavior - This research shows that prior studies have been based on a survey methodology that systematically underestimates vote buying. Survey questions that rely on filter questions... 相似文献
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A comparison between Iran's current nuclear efforts and those of the pro-Western regime of Shah Reza Pahlavi shows that Iranian ambitions for a full-fledged civilian nuclear programme have remained relatively constant for nearly half a century. Today, fuel cycle technology provides Iran with a latent nuclear weapon's potential. However, US concerns about an Iranian bomb, which began in the early 1970s and aggravated after the Iranian Revolution, long predate Teheran's uranium enrichment programme. Thus, Iran is a specific case of the general problem presented by the inherent potential of nuclear technology to both civilian and military ends. Approaches to dealing with a long-term, ambiguous, latent nuclear weapon threat, whether Iranian or other, are suggested. 相似文献
69.
Ivan Y. Sun Author Vitae James J. Sobol Author Vitae Author Vitae Scott W. Phillips Author Vitae 《Journal of criminal justice》2010,38(4):640
While police attitudes and behaviors have been the subject of a large number of studies conducted since the 1960s, very few studies had assessed Chinese police officers’ work-related attitudes and compared them with those of the U.S. police cadets. Using survey data collected from 263 Chinese and American police cadets, the research empirically tested whether Chinese and American police cadet attitudes differed across four attitudinal dimensions: aggressive patrol, order maintenance, legal restrictions, and distrust of citizens. Bivariate and multivariate results showed that Chinese cadets displayed occupational outlooks that distinguished them from their American counterparts. Chinese cadets supported aggressive patrol and were more distrustful of citizens than their American counterparts. American cadets were more favorable of order maintenance activities and more accepting of legal restrictions compared with Chinese cadets. Implications for future research and policy are discussed. 相似文献
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This study examines the role of the People’s Armed Police (PAP) in Chinese policing. While the PAP has been in existence for
over five decades, very little research has paid attention to the critical position that the PAP occupies in Chinese policing.
The history of the PAP between 1949 and 1982 was highlighted by a number of changes in name and a constant change of direct
control between the military and the public security. The PAP experienced a great expansion and became more stabilized in
organizational structure and missions after 1983. While it is part of China’s military forces, the PAP is currently involved
in a wide variety of law enforcement, order maintenance, and service activities. Its law enforcement function is carried out
chiefly through preventive patrol in urban areas. The most important order maintenance function shouldered by the PAP is the
disposition of mass incidents, which have increased dramatically in number and size and have become better organized over
the past two decades. The Chinese government also often mobilizes the PAP to undertake emergency rescue and disaster relief
tasks. The PAP will continue to be a critical force in the Chinese police system. Its leaders as well as the government should
seek ways to improve the legitimacy of the force. 相似文献