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71.
Rechtsreferendar Dr. Jan Duikers 《Natur und Recht》2006,28(10):623-631
Der Beitrag untersucht die Struktur der Umwelthaftungsrichtlinie 2004/35/EG (UHRL) und analysiert den Gesetzentwurf zu deren
Umsetzung, den das Bundesumweltministerium (BMU) am 4.3.2005 vorgelegt hat. Er erg?nzt den Beitrag von Führ/Lewin/Roller NuR
2006, 67 ff., der den auf die Biodiversit?t bezogenen Aspekten der Richtlinie gewidmet war. Es werden die zentralen Regelungen
der Richtlinie beleuchtet, namentlich die Definition des Umweltschadensbegriffs, die Vermeidungsund Sanierungsvorschriften
und ihr Verh?ltnis zu der Kostentragungspflicht des Betreibers sowie die Ausnahmetatbest?nde des Art. 8 Abs. 3, 4. Vor dem
Hintergrund dieser strukturellen Analyse wird der Gesetzentwurf des BMU untersucht. Der Beitrag kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass
der Gesetzentwurf grunds?tzlich geeignet ist, die Umwelthaftungsrichtlinie in deutsches Recht umzusetzen, regt aber Verbesserungen
an und unterbreitet Empfehlungen für die erg?nzende Umsetzung durch die L?nder. 相似文献
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Jan Fuhse 《Berliner Journal für Soziologie》2006,16(2):245-263
The essay develops three central arguments. Firstly, while being one of the core concepts of sociology in the early 20th century, the group concept loses its central position between 1960 and 1970. As a conceptual tool for the understanding of configurations of social relationships, it is increasingly replaced by the network concept. Secondly, the group concept implies bounded social entities. The network concept, in contrast, stresses the unbounded interweaving of social ties and contexts. This allows for a better understanding of the complex social patterns of modernity. Thirdly, groups are special cases of ?involuted“ network structure. Here, a symbolically constructed social boundary becomes the central focus for transaction processes. This also makes for an increased alignment of social relationships within the group. These three arguments are grounded in a historical perspective on the conceptual careers of ?groups“ and ?networks“ in various sociological schools. The essay stresses the dynamics and inner logics of social relationships and resulting configurations (groups being one example) on the meso-level. 相似文献
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The ideal conception of pluralist democracy can be seen as a schematic picture of actual conditions. On the local level - in the municipalities - there are a number of variants of pluralism. If local political systems can be assumed to be of varying character, it stands to reason that the roles of organizations in those sub-systems can also vary.
The following three general conclusions concerning the role of organizations in Swedish municipal politics are supported by our empirical findings:
(1) A heterogeneous pattern of values in a municipality promotes the development of an arrangement in which organizations predominantly assume the role of political opposition.
(2) The interaction between municipalities and organizations is a function of the pattern of local political values. The more heterogeneous this pattern, the more frequent are politically oriented contacts.
(3) Increased overlap of the social, the economic and the political arenas, and a more incrementalist decision-making structure in modern municipalities, creates greater incentives for the formation of organizations.
There should not be any doubt about the fact that the amalgamation reforms contributed to the creation of a more differentiated and multifaced structure of organizations. Hence, it could be said that the amalgamation reforms together with other structural factors are in the long run positively correlated with pluralism!
'Whatever progress may come in the future, anyone attempting today to give a systematic account of organizational behavior, especially of politically relevant behavior, cannot pretend he is offering a theory in any strict sense. At best, he can offer a theoretical perspective, a way of looking at organizations that directs attention persuasively to a few central processes that seem to explain (though not predict, in any scientific sense) a wide variety of phenomena.' (Wilson 1973. 13). 相似文献
The following three general conclusions concerning the role of organizations in Swedish municipal politics are supported by our empirical findings:
(1) A heterogeneous pattern of values in a municipality promotes the development of an arrangement in which organizations predominantly assume the role of political opposition.
(2) The interaction between municipalities and organizations is a function of the pattern of local political values. The more heterogeneous this pattern, the more frequent are politically oriented contacts.
(3) Increased overlap of the social, the economic and the political arenas, and a more incrementalist decision-making structure in modern municipalities, creates greater incentives for the formation of organizations.
There should not be any doubt about the fact that the amalgamation reforms contributed to the creation of a more differentiated and multifaced structure of organizations. Hence, it could be said that the amalgamation reforms together with other structural factors are in the long run positively correlated with pluralism!
'Whatever progress may come in the future, anyone attempting today to give a systematic account of organizational behavior, especially of politically relevant behavior, cannot pretend he is offering a theory in any strict sense. At best, he can offer a theoretical perspective, a way of looking at organizations that directs attention persuasively to a few central processes that seem to explain (though not predict, in any scientific sense) a wide variety of phenomena.' (Wilson 1973. 13). 相似文献