Acts of Childhood Sexual Abuse: An Empirically Derived Typology

A clinical sample of 165 women survivors in outpatient therapy was surveyed about whether their childhood sexual abuse (CSA) included each of 17 sexual acts. Factor analysis of these acts was conducted. A typology of CSA acts consisting of three factors emerged. Inspection of the acts loading on each factor suggested that they differed primarily in terms of the type of abuse of power implied by them rather than in the nature of the sexual behavior involved. The three factors were named Coerced Complicance (Coercion), Subjugation and Humiliation (Subjugation) and Invasive Objectification (Objectification). Implications for research, theory, and clinical practice, and the need for evaluating the generalizability of the typology to other subpopulations of survivors, are discussed.     

30 Jahre Helsinki-Übereinkommen: Errungenschaften, Herausforderungen und die Resolution des Youth Forum

Die Tätigkeit der Helsinki-Kommission (HELCOM) ist von maßgeblicher Bedeutung für den Schutz von Meeresumwelt und -natur der Ostsee. Sie überwacht die Umsetzung des vor dreißig Jahren abgeschlossenen Helsinki-Übereinkommens, dient den Ostsee-Anrainer-Staaten als Forum zur Entwicklung gemeinsamer Ziele und Strategien zur Verbesserung der Meeresumwelt und erlässt entsprechende Richtlinien und Empfehlungen. Die EU-Osterweiterung, nach der Russland als einziger HELCOM-Mitgliedstaat nicht auch zugleich der EU angehört, stellt die HELCOM vor neue Herausforderungen. Die diesjährige Tagung befasste sich daher ausführlich mit der künftigen Rolle der HELCOM. Erstmals war der Tagung ein internationales Youth Forum vorgeschaltet, das in einer Resolution auf die drängendsten Probleme des Ostseeraums hinwies. Es wurden neue Ansätze und Instrumente zur Verbesserung der ökologischen Situation angeregt und gefordert. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt anlässlich des 30jährigen Bestehens des Helsinki-Übereinkommens die Rolle der HELCOM, die wesentlichen Ergebnisse der diesjährigen Tagung sowie die künftigen Herausforderungen anhand der zentralen Forderungen der Resolution des Youth Forum dar. 1 Die Verfasserinnen gehören der International Max Planck Research School for Maritime Affairs in Hamburg an. Sie haben als Mitglieder der deutschen Delegation an der diesjährigen HELCOM-Tagung vom 2.–4. 3. 2004 in Helsinki sowie an dem im Rahmen dieser Veranstaltung erstmalig stattfindenden Youth Forum am 1. 3. 2004 teilgenommen. Die Verfasserinnen arbeiten an Dissertationen zu den Themen Integrated Coastal Zone Management und Places of Refuge.     

Effective Practitioner–Scholar Relationships: Lessons from a Coproduction Partnership

This article presents a continuum of possible coproduction arrangements between scholars and practitioners and suggests that greater engagement is necessary to bridge the commonly cited problems that create the gap between research and practice. Reflections on an Australian case of a major public sector coproduction partnership, the highest degree of interaction on the continuum, are used to argue that successful engagement between practitioners and scholars is possible, while also recognizing the difficulties inherent in this process. The benefits and challenges of this partnership are presented, as well as critical factors that drive effective relationships. Lessons are drawn for the development of future coproduction partnerships, including the importance of recognizing that both scholars and practitioners are, in fact, researchers.     

Helping or harming? NGOs and victims/-survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in Bosnia-Herzegovina

Drawing on the author's previous and current fieldwork in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) and interactions with several non-governmental organizations (NGOs), this article asks whether some organizations that seek to help and support victims/-survivors of conflict-related sexual violence are potentially doing more harm than good. In developing this argument, the article's aim is neither to unjustly criticize NGOs nor to trivialize the challenges that victims/-survivors face. What it seeks to demonstrate, however, is that a heavy focus on the thematic of trauma can be counter-productive. Specifically, it critiques trauma as a disempowering, essentializing and collectivizing discourse. Calling for a meta discursive shift away from trauma and towards resilience, it argues that NGOs should give more attention to the families and communities of victims/-survivors. Families and communities, in this regard, constitute potential resilience resources that should be harnessed and strengthened.     

The Firm and Common Pool Resource Theory: Understanding the Rise of Benefit Corporations

In September 2015, the crowdfunding site Kickstarter announced that it would adopt a new corporate form, that of a benefit corporation. Kickstarter is far from alone in this decision; in fact, it joined a growing list of tech firms that are moving toward adopting a benefit corporation designation. The result of the legal movement is that corporate governance across the nation may be changing, impacting everything from business ethics training to board decision making, with potentially wide‐ranging implications for the economy, environment, and civil society. Despite its growing popularity, though, the rationale behind the emergence of benefit corporations is an understudied question. In this article, we argue that benefit incorporation affects the very nature of the corporation by creating corporate common pool resources (CPRs) and that the CPR theory provides a way to understand the puzzle and future of the movement. This approach is important because it resituates the conversation, from a narrow view of the effect of the legislation on traditional corporate concepts to a broader view of the impact of the legislation. Furthermore, we consider the benefit corporation through the lens of Professor Elinor Ostrom's design principles, offering a unique perspective through which to analyze if the designs of state statutes and implementation by business entities meet criteria that would predict successful governance of the benefit corporation CPR.