A project for research on the peasant revolution of our time

Up to the present my work has centred on economic aspects of the peasantry. Starting from an analysis of the nature of collective farms (kolkhoz), which I found to consist of peasant agricultural units agglomerated rather than really structured, I was led to the study of peasant economy itself: its internal organisation, its specific rationality, its relations with the surrounding economy. The results of my enquiries brought home to me, on the one hand, the capacity of the peasant unit to adapt to the different economic systems in which it exists, and on the other hand, the pervasive stamp the peasantry impresses upon these systems. Accordingly, I believe it would be valuable at this point to study the consequences of the peasant imprint in the social and political as well as economic spheres, particularly in the socialist countries. Of course I myself could undertake only a small part of the research programme sketched in the following pages.     

Delinquent networks in Sweden

This study covers all persons under the age of 20 who were suspected of having committed a crime in the Swedish city of Borlänge (approx. 50,000 inhabitants) during the years of 1975–1977. The juveniles (575 in all) were followed up during a total of 10 years. A sociometric method based on police data was developed for studying co-offending patterns. The method was validated through a smaller number of interviews with the juveniles. This study shows that a large majority of the most delinquency active juveniles was associated with a large network of delinquent relations. The stronger the connection to this network, the more substantial, serious, and long-lasting were the delinquency and other asociality. This network also seemed to be very important with regard to the reproduction of juvenile delinquency in the municipality. At the end of the follow-up period juvenile delinquency in Borlänge had basically the same character as at the beginning, even though the juveniles included in the network were, to a large extent, new. The young offenders who were central figures in the new network had successively learned their roles from the network's old members.This paper is based on results published initially in a report entitledDelinquent Networks (Sarnecki, 1986).     

Y-chromosome STR haplotypes and alleles in the ethnic group of Polish Tatars residing in the Northeastern Poland

Haplotype and allele frequencies for eight Y-STRs were determined in a population sample of the ethnic group of Polish Tatars residing in the Northeastern Poland. A total of 125 unrelated males produced 101 different haplotypes. Thirteen haplotypes occurred more than once, while 88 haplotypes were unique. The observed gene diversity was 0.9638. The ethnic group of Polish Tatars can be distinguished from the autochthonous Poles based on AMOVA estimates in all the analyzed systems except DYS385.     

Genetic data on 15 STRs in a population sample of religious minority of Old Believers residing in the northeastern Poland

This study provides a 15 STRs database for a population sample of Old Believers (n = 136) living in the northeastern Poland for the use as a highly discriminatory system of genetic markers in population studies and in personal identification. Significant differences revealed between the Old Believers and the autochthonous Poles by using RxC test as well as F(ST) and F(IS) estimates suggest a certain degree of genetic isolation of this religious minority.     

Population genetics of Y-chromosome STRs in a population sample of the Lithuanian minority residing in the northeastern Poland

Haplotype and allele frequencies for the 12 Y-STRs were determined in a population sample of 124 unrelated males--members of the Lithuanian minority residing in the northeastern Poland. Three of the haplotypes were encountered in duplicate, while 118 haplotypes were unique. The overall gene diversity was 0.9952. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that the Lithuanian minority can be distinguished from the autochthonous Poles, although these two populations are very close to each other. This database study provides an essential precondition for applying Y-chromosomal STRs estimates in forensic identification of male DNA and tracing of paternal lineages.