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211.
Hiron Poon M.Sc. ; Jim Elliott B.Sc. ; Jeff Modler M.Sc. ; Chantal Frégeau Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(6):1278-1286
Abstract: Following implementation of our automated process incorporating the Promega DNA IQTM system as a DNA extraction method, a large number of blood-containing exhibits failed to produce DNA. These exhibits had been tested with the Hemastix® reagent strip, commonly used by police investigators and forensic laboratories as a screening test for blood. Some exhibits were even tainted green following transfer of the presumptive test reagents onto the samples. A series of experiments were carried out to examine the effect of the Hemastix® chemistries on the DNA IQTM system. Our results indicate that one or more chemicals imbedded in the Hemastix® reagent strip severely reduce the ability to recover DNA from any suspected stain using the DNA IQTM magnetic bead technology. The 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) used as the reporting dye appears to interact with the magnetic beads to prevent DNA recovery. Hydrogen peroxide does not seem to be involved. The Hemastix® chemistries do not interfere in any way with DNA extraction performed using phenol-chloroform. The incompatibility of the Hemastix® chemistries on the DNA IQTM system forced us to adopt an indirect approach using filter paper to carry out the presumptive test. 相似文献
212.
Diagnostic efficacy of biochemical markers in diagnosis post-mortem of ischaemic heart disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pérez-Cárceles MD Noguera J Jiménez JL Martínez P Luna A Osuna E 《Forensic science international》2004,142(1):1-7
In forensic medicine, there is a need for more sensitive biochemical markers for the post-mortem diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. A study of the distribution of biochemical markers in different fluids is of great significance in post-mortem diagnosis, because their distribution depends on the location of tissue damage and release kinetics. The aim of this study is to compare the sensitivities and specificities of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), myoglobin and cTnI in serum and pericardial fluid for the post-mortem diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We studied 188 cadavers selected during 1 year from medicolegal autopsies. The groups were as follows: (1) myocardial infarction (n = 52); (2) asphyxia (n = 59); (3) multiple trauma (n = 41); (4) natural deaths excluding myocardial infarction (n = 36). We obtained statistically significant differences in pericardial fluid for all the biochemical markers, the highest levels being obtained in the group of cadavers who had died from myocardial infarction. A common factor is the high negative predictive value found in biochemical markers, which is contrary to the findings obtained in clinical practice, when the percentages of sensitivity are very high. 相似文献
213.
1,4-Dihydropyridines calcium channel antagonists (1,4-DHP CCAs) are photolabile and the products of their photodecomposition have no pharmaceutical activity. In our previous work we have presented a screening procedure for eleven 1,4-DHPs in plasma by LC-MS-MS using multiple reaction motoring. The laboratory process includes preparation and storage of stock solutions, plasma storage, solid-phase extraction, reconstitution of extracts and storage time in an autosampler for LC-MS-MS analysis. Prior to validation of the analytical procedure, we have tested the stability of these compounds by exposure to light. Methanolic solutions have been exposed to laboratory and UV light and the stability of the compounds in plasma was tested by exposure of spiked plasma samples to laboratory light at room temperature. Stability during freeze-thaw cycles and stability during 2 month storage at -20 degrees C have been tested as well. Products of photodecomposition have been identified after forced degradation and the degree of degradation has been quantified using LC-UV-DAD and LC-MS-MS, respectively. A 96% degradation after only 2h has been observed when solutions of nifedipine or nisoldipine were exposed to laboratory light in clear glass vials. In plasma samples degradation was 25% in only 2h for both compounds. The main degradation product was produced by oxidation of the dihydropyridinic ring resulting in the pyridine analogue that has been described as the first metabolite in the metabolic pathway. Only minor degradation was found for the other tested compounds after 2h light exposure in methanolic solutions. Furthermore, lercanidipine and nicardipine were also degradated by esterhydrolysis. Several additional minor degradation products were found for the other tested 1,4-DHPs, however, some of them could not be identified. Preconditions for storage and handling of plasma samples prior to and during analysis for 1,4-DHP CCAs are suggested in order to avoid photodecomposition of the analytes. 相似文献
214.
Support for Harsh Criminal Sanctions and Criminal Justice Beliefs: A Social Dominance Perspective 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jim Sidanius Michael Mitchell Hillary Haley Carlos David Navarrete 《Social Justice Research》2006,19(4):433-449
Much of the criminal justice literature indicates that people’s support for harsh criminal sanctions such as the death penalty
is strongly related to their beliefs about deterrence and their beliefs about retribution. In this paper, using social dominance
theory as our organizing framework, we expand upon this literature by showing that social dominance orientation (SDO) is also
related to support for harsh criminal sanctions, as well as to deterrence and retribution beliefs. In addition, we show that
the relationships between SDO, on the one hand, and support for various forms of severe criminal sanctions, on the other,
are mediated by deterrence and retribution beliefs.
相似文献
Jim SidaniusEmail: |
215.
Jim Smyth 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2002,38(3):295-310
In the following discussion we approach the issue of police legitimacy inNorthern Ireland through Habermas's theory of legitimacy and the shiftinglocus of conflict from the economic to the cultural sphere. It is argued thatthe cultural sphere is often a major site of conflict in divided societies suchas Northern Ireland. The process of economic globalisation – a crucialfactor in the emergence of identity based movements elsewhere – has hadthe effect of intensifying conflict over identity and its symbolicrepresentation. The debate on the reform of the RUC in the wake of thePatten Commission Report has focused principally on the recommendationthat the symbolism of the police be changed. Although this conflict oversymbols condenses the central problem of the exclusion and misrecognitionof nationalists it also has the effect of distracting attention from the moreuniversal theme of the Report: the relationship between citizens, police andthe state. 相似文献
216.
217.
Jim Hackler 《Juvenile & family court journal》1983,34(4):71-82
To be presented at the 1982 Annual Meetings of Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association in Ottawa, June 6–9. The author would like to thank the many people working with juveniles in Alberta and elsewhere who provided insights for this paper. The work has been supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Grant Sumber 410-79-0124 and by funds from the Solicitor General's Contributions Grant. 相似文献
218.
Jim Waring 《Public Budgeting & Finance》1996,16(3):63-73
Parental choice and operational efficiency are the key features proponents use to promote the desirability of educational voucher programs. The argument is that educational vouchers increase competition among schools by allowing parents the freedom to choose which schools their children attend. In turn, competition improves the performance of individual schools. This article argues that, as currently put forth, the case for vouchers minimizes the special position of public schools with respect to their equity goals. Equity, arguably, has been one of the most significant tenets of public education policy in the last half-century. Moreover, vouchers have significant hidden costs that could compromise any efficiency. 相似文献
219.
William Guillermo Jiménez Arno R. Lodder 《International Review of Law, Computers & Technology》2015,29(2-3):266-282
The inherent cross-border nature of the internet has challenged the legal system for over two decades. In this paper we introduce a model in which the internet is approached as if it were the high seas, the harbor of origin, the harbor of destination, or a combination of these. This model is used to rephrase existing case law related to internet jurisdiction from an international law perspective, the US and the EU (in particular Germany and the Netherlands). The model helps to illuminate the positions taken by the parties and the judge, and to indicate possible alternative interpretations. In some cases a high seas approach would have made sense (Yahoo!), or more recently the Vacation Rental by Owner case about trademarks where registration in one country was deemed to have an effect everywhere a person had the trademark on his or her computer screen. In H&M v G-star the Dutch Supreme Court even established jurisdiction based on an infringing product that was not available in the city of the court but was to become available on the internet some time in the future. We do not take a position in this paper on what perspective, based on our model, is best, but make clear how to identify the possible arguments. 相似文献
220.
The Use of the Developmental Rate of the Aquatic Midge Chironomus riparius (Diptera,Chironomidae) in the Assessment of the Postsubmersion Interval
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Alejandro González Medina M.Sc. Óscar Soriano Hernando Ph.D. Gilberto Jiménez Ríos M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(3):822-826
Nonbiting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) are the most abundant members of the fauna associated with submerged carcasses, but their use in the medicolegal context is very restricted because of their complex ontogeny. In this case, the corpse of a woman was recovered in late spring from a river in Granada (Iberian Peninsula). It showed obvious signs of long permanence in the aquatic environment and, along with pulmonary and microscopical analyses, led to the conclusion that the cause of death was drowning. Several larvae‐like specimens were sampled from the scalp and later identified by morphological external features as IV instar larvae of Chironomus riparius Meigen, 1804 (Diptera, Chironomidae). Sequencing of cytochrome oxidase subunit I was performed to confirm the identification. The knowledge of the biology of C. riparius at low temperatures was critical to assess a postsubmersion interval of 16–17 days. 相似文献