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111.
Conclusion Technological progress always contains within it the ironic dialectic of liberation and domination. The computer-based information
highway is no exception. As a consequence, our own view is that the computer revolution contains the potential for both over-control
and subversion of control. Science and technology are not neutral. They are social constructs that exist only within a context
of choices of development and application. Therefore, it is not the technology that constrains, or oppresses, or liberates.
Rather, the emancipatory potential of this new technology lies in the degree to which those who use it can disseminate it
and maintain it as a relatively low-cost communication tool. To date, many of those involved in expanding the Internet frontier
have generally been suspicious of and resistant to government intrusion into the Net. While it is often easier to simply dismiss
such suspicion as the ranting of conspiracy theorists, history has taught us that such a na?ve faith in the benevolence of
the government is unwise. Our intention here has not been to provide a definitive conclusion about the past, present, or future
state of technological progress; instead we hope that our discussion will spark further critical analysis of technology and
related topics. 相似文献
112.
113.
Russia started its decollectivisation effort in earnest after the abortive 1991 coup attempt. A legislative foundation has been laid and over one‐quarter million peasant farms have been created, many through the act of exiting a collective by a farm worker, taking his or her land and asset shares along. Yet significant obstacles remain in the path of both continued peasant farm creation and the viability of those already functioning. 相似文献
114.
Jim Seymour 《亚洲研究》2013,45(1)
AbstractIn January 1974, when fighting broke out between Saigon forces and Chinese in the oil-promising South China Sea, the American establishment news media tended to assume that the Chinese, being communists, must have been the aggressors. Those reporters who were quickly able to attune themselves to the official State Department line, however, refrained from making any judgment regarding the merits of the controversy. And well they might have, for the assertions of America's client regime regarding the various archipelagoes are at best dubious. Official U.S. Government maps designate the islets by their Chinese (not Vietnamese) names, and neither Hanoi nor the Provisional Revolutionary Government has stated any claims in the region. 相似文献
115.
In this article, the process of social reproduction has been analyzed in Lorca, a municipality in the western Mediterranean region of Murcia (Spain) at the end of the 18th century. An exhaustive subset of the data from the local Godoy's census (1797) was used consisting of 29,875 individuals living in a total of 7566 households. This population was distributed between the town, the Huerta (the Murcian irrigated market garden community), and the countryside. Results confirmed, on the one hand, that a direct relationship existed between higher social status and size of household, with a higher number of older children in the households of land-owning farmers than of tenant farmers or day workers. More children in higher status households indicate that children left home later, and therefore inheritance problems rose, which influenced social reproduction within these groups. Spatially, a clear division can be found between the countryside with more male work-hands and a higher index of male activity and the Huerta with a certain female dominance. 相似文献
116.
Jim Binder 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2013,36(4):459-470
This essay seeks to identify relevant issues regarding the relationship between organizational change strategies aimed at improving the delivery of public services to low income clientale in human service agencies. * *A human service is defined as a form of assistance given to a client by a public agency; such assistance i s ameliorative in nature and is intended to provide for a social welfare need that cannot otherwise be met.$ef: The strategies discussed in this essay are: organizational development (OD), transorganizational development, reorganization and decentralization. The discussion is mainly theoretical, derived only in part from the literature and from actual experiences. The focus i s on detemining (logically, not empirically) the consequences of applying different types of organization change strategies as means for improving the delivery of human services. A major assumption i s that each of the strategies would incur somewhat different costs and produce different benefits with varying operational constraints. 相似文献
117.
Jim Beach 《Intelligence & National Security》2013,28(2):229-249
The origins of the Anglo-American intelligence relationship are usually dated to the early years of the Second World War. This article suggests that the First World War interaction between the intelligence staffs of the British and American Expeditionary Forces was a significant precursor to the emergence of the later relationship. Using primarily American archival sources, the article reveals an intimacy that emerged in the summer of 1917 and continued, to a lesser extent, until the armistice. The emergence of this close relationship is attributed to a common language, independent-minded intelligence leaders, and an element of chance. 相似文献
118.
The “Rotten Apple” theory states that deviant police officers are those who psychological testing fails to screen out. This
concept is favored by police administrators because it offers a quick and easy solution to police deviant behavior. However,
there is a growing body of literature that suggests that it is the stressful occupation that is policing that is the fertile
soil from which police deviant behavior springs otherwise known as the “Rotten Barrel” theory. This article shall explore
police deviant behavior from the perspective that it is the “Rotten Barrel” that leads to police deviant behavior. 相似文献
119.
张珺 《湖北警官学院学报》2001,(4)
传统民事审判方式的弊端表现在:法官包揽调查,当事人基本上不负举证责任;开庭审判走过场,基本上是先定后审;庭审采取纠问式,当事人被动应答,较少主动行为,合议庭合而不议,审而不判,作用不显;当事人的处分权受到较大限制。在改革中,应强调当事人举证责任,完善举证制度;强调公开审判,充分发挥庭审功能;强化合议庭和独任审判页的职责,实现“审”与“判”的统一;加强法院自身的改革。 相似文献
120.
Jim Murdoch 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2006,12(2):121-142
The article examines the working methods and effectiveness of the Council of Europe’s Committee for the Prevention of Torture
and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the CPT) which, since 1990, has been carrying out visits to places of detention.
It also examines the impact the Committee has had upon European standards and expectations, and, in particular, upon the jurisprudence
of the European Court of Human Rights, and raises certain issues in respect of the establishment of the United Nation’s Subcommittee
on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of the Committee against Torture.
This article draws upon material to be published in The Treatment of Prisoners: European Standards (Council of Europe Press: 2006). 相似文献