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981.
The report describes a fatal outcome in a 5-year-old male who died after drinking a fatal dose of ethanol at the party held by his parents. Urine and blood alcohol level of the deceased was 0.4 and 0.5 g/dL, what might explain the sudden death of the child. In addition, the analysis of the boy's hair demonstrated the presence of ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a marker of alcohol consumption; hair EtG concentration levels indicated that the boy might have occasionally imbibed alcohol prior to death. Pathological lesions of the liver observed in histopathology did not contradict such a hypothesis. 相似文献
982.
This paper evaluates the breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), nausea (feeling of being slightly intoxicated) and subjective driving performance after ingesting a moderate dose of alcohol in the presence of a light meal, which intends to approach a social drinking setting. 119 healthy individuals (69 males and 50 females, aged 21.7+/-3.0) ingested three glasses of wine (95mL each) and their BrAC was determined by an Alcotest 7410 at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min post-drinking. 46% of females and no male subjects exceeded a BrAC of 0.25mg/L, the legal limit for driving fixed by some Western countries. 53% of the study population felt nausea during the experimental session and 20% self-reported impairment of their driving skills. In both cases these subjective effects were more pronounced in females. The major determinants of mean BrAC were time post-drinking, gender (male) and body mass index (BMI), all these variables being inversely associated. Females and individuals with a BMI lower than 22.5kg/m(2) were at an increased risk of exceeding the legal limit of BrAC. The feeling of nausea was significantly associated with gender (females), the ingestion of up to 2 drinks on weekdays, and having exceeded a BrAC of 0.25mg/L during the experimental study. The main predictor of self-perception of impaired driving skills was the feeling of nausea, followed by a BrAC in excess of 0.25mg/L. In conclusion, both females and subjects with lower BMI are at an increased risk of exceeding the legal limit of BrAC after moderate alcohol consumption resembling a social drinking setting. 相似文献
983.
Marchei E Muñoz JA García-Algar O Pellegrini M Vall O Zuccaro P Pichini S 《Forensic science international》2008,177(1):42-46
Examination of various SIM cards and smart card devices indicates that data may be retained in SIM card memory structures even after heating to temperatures up to 450 degrees C, which the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has determined to be approximately the maximum average sustained temperature at desk height in a house fire. However, in many cases, and certainly for temperatures greater than 450 degrees C, the SIM card chip has suffered structural or mechanical damage that renders simple probing or rewiring ineffective. Nevertheless, this has not necessarily affected the data, which is stored as charge in floating gates, and alternative methods for directly accessing the stored charge may be applicable. 相似文献
984.
António F. Tavares Sílvia M. Mendes Cláudia S. Costa 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2008,14(4):417-429
In this paper, we test the effect of three different criminal deterrence theory policy tools: criminal certainty, severity,
and celerity of punishment. Whereas most criminal deterrence studies in this field focus on the former two components of deterrence
theory, this study also examines the potential deterrent effect of the latter component. Using a time-series design with monthly
data, we estimate the effects of an increase in the threat of punishment for traffic offenses resulting from a general increase
in fines for traffic offenses, an increase in the probability of getting caught with a blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) level
outside the legal limits, and the enactment of an “on-the-spot” fine payment policy in Portugal. We find strong evidence to
support a severity effect. An increase in the statutory severity of sentence maxima for traffic violations leads to a decrease
in accident and injury rates—approximately an average 0.5 percent reduction in monthly accident and injury rates. Changes
in the BAC levels and the mandatory swift payment policy did not produce any convincing deterrence impact.
相似文献
Cláudia S. CostaEmail: |
985.
Ostrosky-Solís F Vélez-García A Santana-Vargas D Pérez M Ardila A 《Journal of forensic sciences》2008,53(5):1223-1230
The case of a 48-year-old woman accused of killing at least 12 elderly women and attempting to kill another one during the last 3 years is presented. Extensive neuropsychological, electrophysiological, and neuropsychiatric testing showed no evidence of a DSM-IV-TR Axis I diagnosis, but a decrease in executive functions and abnormalities in the processing of affective stimuli were found. Behavioral and psychophysiological studies revealed dissociation between knowing how to behave and actually behaving in socially acceptable ways. According to the woman, killing was just her response to "humiliating situations." Two potentially significant conditions in her past history are found: (i) childhood abuse; and (ii) multiple head injuries. It is conjectured that the nature of her crimes, paranoid and personality traits, a probable frontal brain dysfunction, as well as a specific demographic and social context represent unusual factors accounting for her violent behavior. 相似文献
986.
Díaz S Kienast ME Villegas-Castagnasso EE Pena NL Manganare MM Posik D Peral-García P Giovambattista G 《Journal of forensic sciences》2008,53(5):1145-1148
In order to detect switching and/or manipulation of samples, the owner of a stallion asked our lab to perform a DNA test on a positive doping urine sample. The objective was to compare the urine DNA profile versus blood and hair DNA profiles from the same stallion. At first, 10 microsatellite markers were investigated to determine the horse identity. No results were obtained when horse specific markers were typed in the urine sample. In order to confirm the species origin of this sample we analyzed the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. This analysis from blood and hair samples produced reproducible and clear PCR-RFLP patterns and DNA sequence match with those expected for horse, while the urine sample results were coincident with human. These results allowed us to exclude the urine sample from the questioned stallion and determine its human species origin, confirming the manipulation of urine sample. 相似文献
987.
Justice in Our World and in that of Others: Belief in a Just World and Reactions to Victims 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Framed by the Belief in a Just World theory (BJW; Lerner, M. J. (1980). Belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation), this article presents two studies that analyze people’s reactions to the suffering
of victims belonging to an ingroup and an outgroup. In Study 1, participants viewed a videotaped film containing the victimization
story. The victim was presented as a non-categorized, ingroup or outgroup (Gypsy) victim. Threat to BJW was measured using
the modified Stroop task developed by Hafer (J Pers Soc Psychol 79:165–173, 2000). In the second study, a non-victimization story was introduced and a 2 (victim, non-victim) × 2 (ingroup, outgroup) between-subjects
design was used. Both studies show that the ingroup victim is more threatening to the BJW than the outgroup victim. The expected
secondary victimization of the ingroup victim was only obtained in the second study when a non-obtrusive derogation measure
was used.
相似文献
Cícero PereiraEmail: |
988.
Sergio Cardoso Ph.D. María T. Zarrabeitia Ph.D. Laura Valverde B.Sc. Adrian Odriozola B.Sc. Miguel Á. Alfonso‐Sánchez Ph.D. Marian M. De Pancorbo Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(5):1196-1201
Abstract: In this study, we analyzed the entire mtDNA control region in 61 unrelated individuals from the Pas Valley (Cantabria), a human isolate from northern Spain, to evaluate the suitability of this analysis to increase the power of discrimination of this locus for forensic purposes in human isolates. Low values obtained for the diversity parameters confirmed the relative isolation of this human group. The main findings of this study indicated that even the analysis of the entire mtDNA control region may have important limitations for use in forensic casework when dealing with human isolates: none of the 44 individuals who exhibited identical HVI‐HVII haplotypes could be further differentiated by analysis of segment HVIII. Nevertheless, analysis of the entire mtDNA control region proved to be useful to determine the ancestry of the samples examined, by contributing to the confirmation, and, on occasion, even to the refinement of the haplogroup assignment. 相似文献
989.
Alejandro Velázquez Dorta Luis A. García García Ricardo Márquez Ravelo 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2010,25(1):17-21
The following research describes the psychometric characteristics of the Competence in Use of Firearms Questionnaire, administered to 139 city police agents from four municipalities of the southern region of Tenerife. The questionnaire was based partly on the framework of the competence model of Pereda and Berrocal (2001), and contained 101 items. We tested the construct validity of the questionnaire, its internal consistency, and its potential for practical application. The initial results suggested four factors, differing to some extent from the original model. 相似文献
990.
Francisco J. Castro-Toledo Juan O. Perea-García Rebeca Bautista-Ortuño Panagiotis Mitkidis 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2017,13(4):537-545