全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1217篇 |
免费 | 67篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 67篇 |
工人农民 | 58篇 |
世界政治 | 91篇 |
外交国际关系 | 101篇 |
法律 | 668篇 |
中国政治 | 10篇 |
政治理论 | 279篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 18篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 47篇 |
2018年 | 46篇 |
2017年 | 58篇 |
2016年 | 64篇 |
2015年 | 38篇 |
2014年 | 55篇 |
2013年 | 171篇 |
2012年 | 56篇 |
2011年 | 39篇 |
2010年 | 38篇 |
2009年 | 38篇 |
2008年 | 44篇 |
2007年 | 61篇 |
2006年 | 45篇 |
2005年 | 54篇 |
2004年 | 37篇 |
2003年 | 35篇 |
2002年 | 42篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1284条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
911.
Governance theory shows that governments no longer operate as actors that take unilateral decisions but instead have to share power and influence with various other actors. There is also a large body of literature that shows a growing discontent with (local) democracy. These two trends lead various local governments to either reaffirm representative democracy, or to introduce elements of direct participatory democracy. In practice the combination of the two – representative and direct participatory democracy – can be problematic. This paper describes the experiences of Hoogeveen, a medium-sized municipality in the Netherlands with a far-reaching programme of direct participatory democracy. In Hoogeveen, local residents can decide on yearly budgets for their neighbourhood and become involved in the long-term planning of its development. The Hoogeveen case shows that direct participatory and representative democracy can be balanced with the help of (1) connecting arrangements, (2) professional connectors and (3) steady political support. 相似文献
912.
SUMMARYThe province of Barcelona became one of the major industrial regions at the outset of the first industrial revolution in Spain. The province of Barcelona had a distinctive place in the Spanish monarchy and it was an area where agriculture was the most important economic activity. This situation coincided with the beginning of liberal parliamentarism in Spain and it determined the profile of the Catalan MPs. For this reason, this article explores the profiles of the 85 deputies elected by the province of Barcelona during the period of liberal parliamentarianism (1834–54). The date and place of birth, profession, parliamentary experience and political militancy are examined, as is the development of cursus honorum, the ladder of political career advancement, based on the ‘course of honours/offices’ that operated in ancient Rome for men of senatorial rank and comprised a mixture of administrative and political posts. A quantitative analysis indicates a characteristic profile that is also aligned to a general European pattern. For instance, liberal professionals and public officials were significant in the professional status of the MPs. Besides, this study also considers the issues and questions which attracted the attention of the Catalan MPs and which were also willingly used by the MPs to mobilize public opinion. Furthermore, the MPs chosen by the province of Barcelona during the rise of the parliamentary system acted in an autonomous manner. Important examples of this autonomous political behaviour include the defence of a unitary position concerning industrial issues, military intervention in the province of Barcelona, and with tax policies. 相似文献
913.
914.
María de Lourdes Chávez‐Briones M.D. Raquel Hernández‐Cortés B.S. Porfirio Díaz‐Torres B.S. Alberto Niderhauser‐García M.D. Jesús Ancer‐Rodríguez M.D. Gilberto Jaramillo‐Rangel Ph.D. Marta Ortega‐Martínez Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(1):248-250
Dipterous fly larvae (maggots) are frequently collected from a corpse during a criminal investigation. Previous studies showed that DNA analysis of the gastrointestinal contents of maggots might be used to reveal the identity of a victim. However, this approach has not been used to date in legal investigations, and thus its practical usefulness is unknown. A badly burned body was discovered with its face and neck colonized by fly larvae. Given the condition of the body, identification was not possible. Short tandem repeat (STR) typing was performed using the gastrointestinal contents of maggots collected from the victim and was compared to STR profiles obtained from the alleged father. The probability of paternity was 99.685%. Thus, this comparative DNA test enabled the conclusive identification of the remains. This is the first reported case of analysis of human DNA isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of maggots used to identify a victim in a criminal case. 相似文献
915.
Michael de la Bastide 《Commonwealth Law Bulletin》2013,39(2):223-233
Judicial protection of fundamental rights in the Commonwealth Caribbean is identifiable in recent decisions in the areas of: vindicatory damages; discrimination and mala fides; proportionality; and the independence of Magistrates. Under vindicatory damages, the courts recognise the need for non‐compensatory damages for breaches of fundamental rights. In the area of discrimination judicial decisions indicate a movement towards the removal of the requirement of proof of mala fides for an allegation of unequal treatment by a public authority. Also of note are the introduction of proportionality and protection against contracting out of Constitutional rights, with regard to magistrates and their tenure. 相似文献
916.
917.
Johann A. Koehler David K. Humphreys Thomas D. Akoensi Olga Sánchez de Ribera Friedrich Lösel 《心理学、犯罪与法律》2013,19(6):584-602
This article presents the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of treatment programmes for drug abusing offenders in Europe, using stringent eligibility criteria to control for threats to internal validity. A literature search of approximately 37,000 titles revealed 15 sound evaluations from six countries, containing 3953 participants. There were significant positive overall effects of treatment on crime (d=0.47) and illicit drug use (d=0.38). Most evaluations originated from the UK and evaluated primarily substitution therapy-based treatment. Evaluations of other interventions were a minority. Our findings support the use of treatment programmes among substance-abusing offenders. However, these results are limited to a small set of programmes from very few countries. Therefore, sound evaluations on a range of treatments across Europe are needed. 相似文献
918.
The analysis of the constituents of fingerprints has been described numerous times, mainly with the purpose of determining the aging effect on fingerprints or showing the differences between donors or groups of donors. In this paper we describe the use of derivatized amino acids to determine the efficacy of the visualization reagents 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO) and ninhydrin. At present certain conditions are used for the application of these reagents, as determined by trial-and-error investigations, to the effect on fingerprints. The recovery of amino acids from a porous surface can be used as a measure for the efficacy of a visualization agent.In this paper we describe a method for the determination of the amount of amino acid left after reaction with well known fingerprint visualization reagents. This will allow a more scientific approach to method development for fingermark enhancement techniques. Furthermore, investigations on the influence of the concentration of fingermark amino acids, the order of application of and exposure time to reagents and the influence of age of the amino acids were carried out. These studies have resulted in a broader understanding of the mechanism involved in visualization of fingermarks using DFO and ninhydrin. 相似文献
919.
Elisângela Jaqueline Magalhães Clésia C. Nascentes Leandro S.A. Pereira Mário L.O. Guedes Rogério A. Lordeiro Lúcia M.L.A. Auler Rodinei Augusti Maria Eliana L.R. de Queiroz 《Science & justice》2013,53(4):425-432
This work evaluates cocaine purity and the concentration ranges of adulterants and inorganic constituents for 31 street cocaine samples seized in two different regions of Brazil from July 2008 to May 2010. Cocaine and adulterants, such as caffeine, lidocaine and benzocaine, were quantified by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and the inorganic constituents were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ion chromatography (IC). The cocaine concentrations in the samples seized in the Amazonas state (AM samples) ranged from 154 to 978 mg g? 1, and these samples did not contain any of the adulterants studied. The cocaine concentrations in the samples seized in the Minas Gerais state (MG samples) ranged from 63.9 to 753 mg g? 1. Caffeine was the main adulterant found in 76% of the MG samples, ranging in concentration from 5.5 to 645.3 mg g? 1. Lidocaine was found in 66.7% of the MG samples, with concentrations ranging from 16.3 to 576.7 mg g? 1. Benzocaine was found in only one MG sample, at a concentration of 84.8 mg g? 1. Fourteen elements were identified by ICP-OES, and a wide variation was observed in the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, P, Al, Fe, Mn and Zn. Pearson Product–moment Correlations between the analytes allowed the constituents to be associated with the chemicals used in the manufacturing of cocaine and with some common diluents. The study of the purity of cocaine and the presence and concentration of adulterants and inorganic constituents is important because the latter can have deleterious effects on health. 相似文献
920.
The object of this article is to examine the proposals for a new sociology of education set out in the work of M. F. D. Young. In particular it examines his discussion of 'knowledge', 'radicalism' and 'politics' and demonstrates that his project for a sociology of the politics of educational knowledge based on the 'phenomenological' sociology of Alfred Schutz is unsuccessful. It is argued that the 'radical' attack on the political character of contemporary education cannot be sustained. It is demonstrated that the concepts in the work of Freire, Illich, Schutz and others to which Young refers do not provide the guidelines for any theoretical advance in the sociology of education, and further, that this 'new' sociology can provide no rigorous theoretical basis for education policy formulation. 相似文献