Identification of Natural Images and Computer‐Generated Graphics Based on Statistical and Textural Features

To discriminate the acquisition pipelines of digital images, a novel scheme for the identification of natural images and computer‐generated graphics is proposed based on statistical and textural features. First, the differences between them are investigated from the view of statistics and texture, and 31 dimensions of feature are acquired for identification. Then, LIBSVM is used for the classification. Finally, the experimental results are presented. The results show that it can achieve an identification accuracy of 97.89% for computer‐generated graphics, and an identification accuracy of 97.75% for natural images. The analyses also demonstrate the proposed method has excellent performance, compared with some existing methods based only on statistical features or other features. The method has a great potential to be implemented for the identification of natural images and computer‐generated graphics.     

曹魏《新律》篇目与篇次考

曹魏立法成果,以制定《新律》为要.史家通说以为,《新律》篇目共十八篇;《新律》立法者之一刘劭所著《魏律序略》中,所载篇目则为二十二篇,两相抵牾.于是十八篇究竟有何篇目、如何排序？遂生疑窦.历代考证诸说纷纭、莫衷一是.法典篇目与次序演变,绝非单纯的数字变化,而是反映了汉魏至晋唐立法重点与立法技术的演变规律,实为法史学界研究之重点与难点.结合文献典籍与出土史料的记载,辅以传世律典篇次之编纂规律,对《魏律序略》进行“倒叙式”解读,于《新律》篇目、篇次研究得出了新观点.     

环境是重要的生产力

环境包括自然环境和社会环境,它具有共享性、外部性、稀缺性、动态性、竞争性和可经营性等特点。现代生产力包括二大系统十大因素,环境是现代生产力的一个重要因素,又是有价值和能够带来价值的资本,它在生产力系统中发挥着巨大的作用。要发展社会生产力,必须保护和治理环境,高度重视环境生产力,努力建设环境友好型社会。     

收回死刑复核权面临的难题及其破解

最高人民法院收回死刑复核权意义重大,但可能存在政治风险、职能难题、整体性问题和程序性障碍。应对难题的原则与对策:一是系统思维、综合治理。尤其强调观念的转变、审判独立性的保障以及死刑替代措施的跟进;二是逐步推进、有利有节;三是技术处理、区别对待;四是分级负责、责任下沉、责任明确。为此,必须完善死刑复核程序。包括准确界定最高法院复核责任,确定适当的复核审审理方式,限定复核时间,允许辩护律师与检察官参加复核程序等。必须完善死刑案件二审程序,包括实行开庭审理及有重点的全面审理方式,同时应当适当调整二审审理期限。还必须改革、完善直接影响死刑案件质量的相关制度,包括从多方面完善证据规则,改革审判委员会制度以及禁止再审改判死刑等。     

朝贡体系中的华侨华人（1000-1500年）——一种世界体系视野的分析

本文以沃勒斯坦世界体系思想作为分析视野,对朝贡体系下的东南亚政治属性及其背景下的华侨华人体系的发展特征作出论述.     

宪法哲学笔谈——人本法律观与当代中国宪法哲学

本期主题涉及宪法哲学问题。自20世纪80年代以来,随着宪法学追求科学品格的展开,宪法学的研究方向呈现出多样化的倾向,宪法哲学就是其中的命题之一。不过,尽管有学者提出了宪法哲学的命题,并已有相关研究,但是依然问题重重。本期编发的五篇文章主要围绕宪法哲学成立的可能性、宪法哲学的命题、英美宪法哲学和传统中国哲学思想对宪法知识的影响等展开论述。关于宪法哲学成立的可能性,前四篇论文承认了宪法哲学成立的正当性,但是角度各不相同,观点各异。关于宪法哲学的命题,有的提出以人为本是当代中国宪法哲学的命题,有的认为基督伦理和自然法理论是宪法哲学的精神资源,有的则认为宪法哲学包含宪法的政治哲学和认识论哲学。至于传统中国哲学思想对西方宪法知识的影响,虽然已有学者进行了研究,但是如何深入到具体的个案,最后一篇论文作了一点探索。其实,宪法知识在近代中国的命运与其说是哲学问题,不如说是文化问题。希望本组论文能够引起学界的广泛探讨。     

论宪法与政治文明

在政治文明史上 ,宪法的产生具有里程碑的意义。宪法是权利的保障书 ,人权是政治文明的终极关怀 ;宪法是民主政治的法律化 ,民主政治是政治文明的保障 ;宪法是治国之法 ,法治是政治文明的基本运作方式 ;宪法是宪政的前提 ,宪政是政治文明的核心。宪法与政治文明相辅相成、不可分离     

WOMEN, DIVORCE, AND ECONOMIC RISK

This article examines the context of mothers' economic risk postdivorce. Data collected from 212 divorced custodial mothers and 225 divorced noncustodial fathers are used to illustrate income dynamics pre- and postdivorce as well as differences in income distribution between men and women. Findings confirm trends uncovered in other studies: Women's economic decline appears to be more pronounced than men's. Risk factors encompassed by various systemic levels are summarized and discussed as a context for understanding and intervention. Specific recommendations for policy are offered.     

医疗损害赔偿纠纷不适用公平责任原则--兼与姚勇先生商榷

《法律与医学杂志》2005年第12卷(第4期)刊载姚勇先生大作“李某某诉某大学附属医院医疗事故人身损害赔偿案”一文,从被告是否存在侵害被告知情权和是否存在误诊过失进行了论证,结论是在这两方面被告均无过失(见原文)。对一审判决“被告对原告的左上肺实施切除手术并无不当,不构成医疗事故,......驳回原告李某某的诉讼请求”持肯定态度。但认为“本案中,虽说某大学附属医院的诊疗行为未存在过失,手术对李某某的病情也不失为一种积极治疗措施。但毕竟其初诊结论与最终的病理学结论存在一定的差异,而且在当今医疗水平尚不能根治疗癌症的情况下…     

The budgetary implications of welfare reform: Lessons from four state initiatives

Required work and training, a major component of recent “welfare reform” proposals, is intended to increase the self-sufficiency of welfare recipients and thereby produce savings for government treasuries as well as more income for the recipients themselves. This analysis focuses explicitly on the budgetary effects of such activities, estimating the cost savings and new revenues generated by welfare employment programs started in four states since 1981. It suggests that when a broad range of effects are taken into account over a sufficiently long period, the overall budgetary implications of the programs are usually positive at the federal, state, and local levels of government. The costs and gains, however, are shared unevenly by the three levels, which encourages disparities in the programs states and localities choose to implement.