论惩治战争罪国内立法的完善

研究战争罪国内立法的理论与实践问题,对帮助国家领导者的正确决策,履行国家的国际承诺,震撼潜在的危及和平的争端和情势等方面具有不可抵挡的作用。适用国内惩治战争罪是我国相当时期内的现实选择,目前我国有关战争罪国内惩治在宪法、基本法、程序法的规定上存在较多的缺陷,需要从立法上予以补充和完善。     

中国传统丧葬礼仪中的文化价值观

中国传统丧葬礼仪在全世界丧葬礼仪中最为繁缛,最为隆重,也最有特色。在林林总总的丧葬礼仪形式的背后,蕴含着丰富的文化价值观念。中国传统丧葬礼仪中最核心的文化价值观念有四个,即孝的观念、灵魂的观念、等级的观念和和的观念。探讨传统社会丧葬礼仪中的文化价值观,对于构建现代社会的新的丧葬礼仪形式具有启示作用。     

浅谈语言的逆效果

作为人类最重要的交际工具,语言的表达效果有三：真值效果、侧效果和逆效果。其中,逆效果是客观事物对立统一规律在语言运用中的反映,逆向思维是其得以产生的前提。要实现语言的逆效果,可以通过语音、词汇、语法、修辞等多种手段。语音方面,有音长、声音的高低升降、婉曲调等表现形式;词汇方面,有习惯用语、二元用语和反训三个类型;语法方面,常通过虚词、标点符号的运用及词序的不同来实现;修辞方面,逆效果的运用就更为广泛,几乎无处不在。语言的逆效果是在公众语境中获得的,它增强了汉语表意的丰富性,能突出语意,表达特别的情感意蕴和写作倾向。     

开展应用性技术教育的探索与实践

北京联合大学信息学院成人高等教育开展应用性技术教育的实践工作,探索了成人高等教育的定位调整和教育方式、教学内容的改革.高校应依据行业规范,树立为社会、为企业、为学生服务的意识,培养社会急需的应用型人才.     

老挝在湄公河流域合作开发中的问题与对策

20世纪90年代以来,随着国际政治多极化、世界经济全球化和区域化的迅速发展,湄公河流域各国经济显示出持续发展的好势头。加强这一地区的经济技术合作、互利互惠、共谋发展,成为湄公河流域各国的共识。多年来,湄公河流域各国在交通、能源、水能资源、科技、贸易、旅游、人力资源开发、环境保护诸多领域开展了卓有成效的合作。这些合作不仅向流域各国展现了更加美好的前景,而且对亚洲和世界的和平与发展做出了积极的贡献。流域合作开发引起了国际社会的广泛关注。在亚洲开发银行的倡导下,日本、欧、美、东盟及其他发达国家和国际组织也先后介…     

The Neglect of Quantitative Research in Green Criminology and Its Consequences

While interest in green criminology has rapidly expanded over the past twenty-five years, much of this growth has occurred on the periphery of orthodox criminology. This article suggests that green criminology’s marginalization is partially a result of its non-quantitative methodology. We hypothesize that non-quantitative tendencies within green criminology distance it from orthodox criminology because orthodox criminology values quantitative methods (Tewksbury et al. in J Crim Justice Educ 16(2):265–279, 2005). Here, we examine how neglecting quantitative research methods may contribute to inattention to green criminology within orthodox criminology, and we consider what can be done to change that situation. We suggest that employing quantitative approaches within green criminology is one way to increase its appeal to mainstream criminology, and that quantitative studies, in conjunction with other research methodologies, can also enhance generalizability of findings, influence policy, and advance theory construction and hypothesis testing.     

Increased Lung Weights in Drug‐related Fatalities

This study is of autopsy data for potential validation as to whether increased weights of the lungs support toxic effects of drugs as the cause of death. This retrospective study compared data from 133 deaths resulting from the toxic effects of drugs with previously reported normal lung weights (Toxicol Mech Methods, 22, 2012, 159; Am J Forensic Med Pathol 33, 2012, 368). The lung weights and their standard errors were used in a two‐sample independent t‐test comparing the average drug‐related death weight to the average control weights. To account for multiple comparisons, a Bonferroni‐adjusted alpha level of 0.0125 was used. We are 98.75% confident that the mean right lung weight for female drug‐related deaths is between 227 and 377 g greater than the mean right lung weight for female non‐drug‐related deaths. We are 98.75% confident that the mean right lung weight for male drug‐related deaths is between 245 and 378 g greater than the mean right lung weight for male non‐drug‐related deaths.     

The Right to Be Racist in College: Racist Speech,White Institutional Space,and the First Amendment

Throughout the post–civil rights era, colleges and universities across the United States have periodically experienced explicitly racist incidents on their campuses. From the hurling of racial slurs at students of color, to the hanging of nooses on campus, to students donning Ku Klux Klan outfits or throwing “ghetto” parties that caricaturize communities of color, these incidents challenge the notion that modern racism has changed to a more subtle form, referred to as color‐blind racism. We place these incidents within a broader context of race and institutions, suggesting a connection between overt racist expressions and the more covert elements of neoliberal color‐blind racism. Through a critical discourse analysis of news stories about these incidents, the website of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, and the controlling legal cases involving racist expression on campuses, we suggest that explicitly racist incidents operate in tandem with neoliberal educational policies and color‐blind racism to mark and reinscribe colleges and universities as white institutional spaces.     

无因管理的重新解读——法目的论解释和论证的尝试

无因管理是一种合法的事实行为,直接形成一种法定债权债务关系。无因管理必须要有严格的定义和范围,其重要构成要素之一是符合本人意思,但本人意思违反社会公共利益或公序良俗的除外。不符合本人意思的不适法无因管理不是无因管理。无因管理的立法目的很大程度上在于社会公共利益和公序良俗的考量,这种考量为了弥补当事人意思自治的缺陷和不足,最终充分尊重并保护当事人的意思自治。     

论建立以一审庭审为中心的事实认定机制

刑事诉讼的事实认定,应以一审庭审为中心,即以审判为中心、庭审为中心、一审为中心;而不应当以庭前程序为中心、庭下活动为中心、上级审为中心。然而,上述反诉讼规律的做法,在某种程度上正是中国刑事案件事实认定机制的现实。如果不解决刑事案件事实认定结构与机制的问题,就不能提高刑事案件的办案质量。但考虑现实条件,应区别案件类型与司法任务,确立不同的司法应对方式,限制这一机制的适用范围。建立这一机制,需要适度阻断侦审联结,限制庭前活动的"预审"与代审功能,实现庭审的实质化、有效性和中心作用;需要通过加强审判法官与合议庭的责任,限制审委会与院、庭长在案件事实认定上的权力,限制庭下阅卷的作用等措施,发挥庭审对事实认定的决定作用;需要规范请示汇报制度,调整诉讼资源配置,规范发回重审制度,同时全面加强基础基层建设,增强一审法院司法能力,保证事实审理以一审为中心。