“商业秘密”界定之比较研究

"商业秘密"是一个极富弹性的词,进入二十世纪后,世界各主要国家的立法及一些国际公约都试图对其作出界定.对这些界定进行比较研究不难发现,各国法律所保护的商业秘密的范围都经历了一个不断扩大的过程,而英美法系国家所界定的商业秘密的范围则要宽于大陆法系.总的说来,各国法律所保护的商业秘密范围到今天已十分宽泛,我国商业秘密立法应顺应这一趋势.     

Black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) colonization of pig carrion in south Georgia

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), is thought to colonize corpses 20-30 days postmortem. However, recent observations indicate this might not be true for all cases. Therefore, we conducted a study examining colonization by the black soldier fly and other Diptera on pig carrion in a plowed field in southern Georgia from 20 September through 21 February. Our data indicate black soldier flies could colonize a corpse within the first week after death. Knowing this information could prevent a serious mistake in estimating the time at which a corpse is colonized by this species. This study also represents the first record of Chrysomya rufifacies in Georgia.     

从善治的视角强化政府回应

在日趋信息化、透明化的时代,政府的回应行为对于树立政府形象显得越来越重要。政府不积极回应势必会给社会、公民带来不理解甚至激烈对抗,使得政府在市场经济中也难以发挥主导作用。本文从善治理论入手,采用实证的方法,探讨树立一种新型政府形象的行为之一就是强化政府回应。     

解读“规范出发型”诉讼理念——以具体个案为基点

“规范出发型”和“事实出发型”是分别作为代表罗马法系和日尔曼法系诉讼理念的关键词;在中国这一有着悠久成文法传统的国度,裁判案件应在“规范出发型”理念下指导下进行。一般来说,实体法保护的权利仅限于自身框架之内,避免以虚构权利的方式达到保护利益的目的,特别是在该利益可以通过实体法上本来就具有的权利予以保护之时。在适用上,外部的基准应是民事实体法,而不应是宪法;内部的基准应是以规则为主体,只在个别情况下适用原则予以矫正或弥补。     

Psychological Distress Following Suicidality Among Gay,Lesbian, and Bisexual Youths: Role of Social Relationships

Longitudinal relations between past suicidality and subsequent changes in psychological distress at follow-up were examined among gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) youths, as were psychosocial factors (e.g., self-esteem, social support, negative social relationships) that might mediate or moderate this relation. Past suicide attempters were found to have higher levels of depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, and conduct problems at a later time than youths who neither attempted nor ideated. Psychosocial factors failed to mediate this relation. The interaction among past suicidality, social support, and negative relationships was associated with subsequent changes in all 3 psychological distress indicators 6 months later. Specifically, high levels of support (either from family or friends) or negative relationships were found to predict increased psychological distress among those with a history of suicide attempts, but not among youths without a history of suicidality. The findings suggest that GLB youths who attempt suicide continue to have elevated levels of psychological distress long after their attempt and they highlight the importance of social relationships in the youths psychological distress at follow-up.Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the biannual meeting of the European Association for Research on Adolescence, Oxford, UK, September 2002; and, at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, San Francisco, CA, November 2003.Associate Professor of Psychology, The City University of New York—The City College and Graduate Center. Received PhD in psychology from New York University. Research interests include the relation of identity to health, the intersection of multiple identities, and the relation of violence to health.Doctoral candidate in Social/Personality Psychology and Health Psychology, The City University of New York—Graduate Center. Research interests include the role of social relationships in the preservation of health and well-being.Research Scientist, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute; and Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University. Received doctorate in social welfare (DSW) from The City University of New York—Graduate Center. Research and clinical interests include the design and implementation of interventions for gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents.     

刑事诉讼法学的新视野

<正> 亚里士多德偏爱形式。他认为形式是最高者,是实效性。他曾比喻说,一块岩石,经过艺术加工就会成为艺术品——内容还是石头,而形式是使石头成为艺术品的实效性。将形式奉为最高者是一种偏爱,而看到形式是内容的实效性,则使形式具有了独立的人格——形式不是内容的奴仆,而是一个自由人,尽管相对性的规律使形式和内容永远难解难分地联接在一起。形式的实效性是内容与现实联系在一起的桥梁,那是跨越梦幻与现实的界限的桥梁。人们一般只认识到,没有这座桥梁,内容只能是幽灵,无论它多么美丽,都不能成为现实中的公正与正义之剑,而我们更应该认识到,这座桥梁的样式和风格,决定着内容与现实之间交流的实际性质和具体内涵。