论美国言论自由判例中的公共论坛原理——从2009年萨姆案谈起

公共论坛是指在传统上供人们聚集在一起以表达思想和交流观点的公共场所。美国联邦最高法院在言论自由司法判例中形成了公共论坛原理,该原理的本质意义在于明确公民在什么程度上有权为了表达的目的使用政府地产,而政府规制公民在公共地产上发表言论的权力限度又在哪里。这一原理近年来得到了进一步发展,2009年萨姆案赋予了公共论坛原理新的内容。公共论坛原理对于中国法治建设具有启发和借鉴意义。     

论土地征收过程中失地农民权益保护问题

在我国,随着城市化和工业化进程的加快,农民的土地大量被征收作为建设用地,失地农民越来越多。在土地征收过程中,失地农民权益受侵害的现象比较突出,失地农民群体上访或聚众闹事时有发生,严重影响了社会稳定。因此,探讨和解决失地农民的权益保护问题,对于农村社会的稳定、农民权益的保护、农业的发展具有重要的意义。     

马克思主义自然观及其多角度应用

自然是先于人类社会的客观存在,人靠自然界生活;人的实践活动使自然界打上了人的意志的烙印,使自然界"人化";从人类社会历史发展的角度把握自然界,自然界与人类社会不可分割;按照美的规律再生产自然界,实现人与自然的和谐.这种马克思主义的自然观一经形成就应用于其对各种具体问题的理论分析之中.     

我国公用事业特许经营政策变迁之述评

在国家政策和地方政策的引导下,我国公用事业特许经营改革稳步推进。政策主导型的特许运营模式虽然具有灵活应变的优势,但也存在预期缺乏的局限。为了实现我国公用事业特许经营模式向法制主导型模式的转变,必须在总结中央地方政策引导经验教训的基础上,实现中央与地方特许经营立法权限的科学配置。     

Influence of environmental variables on fear of crime: Comparing self-report data with physiological measures in an experimental design

Objectives

Self-reports and questionnaires have been the preferred research methods in the criminological field of “fear of crime” (FOC) since its rise in the 1960s. Our study had two main goals: (1) to measure the physiological indicators of fear in real time and (2) to compare these data with those obtained through self-reports, designed also to measure the emotion of fear.

Methods

An experimental study was conducted over the course of a week during late February 2016 in Aarhus (Denmark), in which the focus was on traditional environmental variables in the field of FOC (i.e., poor lighting conditions).

Results

Our results support the ideas that: (1) the absence of good luminosity in an open public space in an urban setting elicits physiological reactions of arousal that can be taken as indicators of experiences of fear and (2) heart rate appears to capture aspects of the emotion of fear that are not reflected in data obtained through self-report questionnaires.

Conclusions

This study, introducing a pioneering approach to the study of FOC, presents great potentials in complementing traditional methods in the crime sciences. The many challenges we faced are significant and reported with the hope that subsequent literature will build upon. We propose that traditional methods and new measurements could be combined to advance research in the field by allowing researchers to more unambiguously constrain the interpretation of their data. This becomes particularly relevant in a field like FOC, which has long suffered from irreconcilable results stemming from different investigations.

     

Y染色体OSU49基因座遗传多态性分析

目的调查Y染色体OSU49基因座在河南汉族群体中的遗传多态性,评价其法医学应用参数。方法知情同意情况下,采集300名河南汉族男性个体的血样本,荧光标记PCR,扩增产物采用ABI 3130遗传分析仪检测。根据分型检测结果,对不同等位基因进行序列分析(测序)。结果 OSU49基因座包含五核苷酸和四核苷酸两种核心序列。在河南汉族群体中基序表现为:(CTTTC)pCTT(CCCT)7T(CTTTC)1(TCTT)5(TCCT)m(TCTT)n TCT(TCCT)4,五核苷酸核心序列的重复次数为12~17,四核苷酸核心序列的重复次数为20~30,按其片段长度命名等位基因,共发现34个等位基因,GD值为0.918 6,DP值为0.915 5。结论 Y染色体OSU49基因座序列结构复杂,在河南汉族群体中具有较高的遗传多态性,可应用于法医学和人类遗传学研究中。     

Duplications of the Y-chromosome specific loci P25 and 92R7 and forensic implications

In the present study, we demonstrate that two commonly used Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), P25 and 92R7, are paralogous sequence variants (PSVs) originating from segmental duplications and that at least one of the sequence variants in each group of loci is polymorphic. Several methodologies were used in order to detect the SNP alleles and the PSVs of the loci. All results obtained with the various typing techniques supported the conclusion. The allele distributions of the binary markers were analysed in more than 600 males with seven different haplogroups. For P25, the ancestral allele C was found in several samples from different haplogroups. The derived allele A was always present with an additional C variant. Haplogroup P was defined by the derived allele A at the 92R7 locus. However, the ancestral allele G was always associated with an A variant due to the duplication.     

Assignment of paternity in a judicial dispute between two neighbor Holstein dairy farmers

DNA profiling was used as evidence to assign paternity in a dispute between two neighbors in a judicial case of undue appropriation of cattle offspring from five alleged Holstein sires. Five offspring were genotyped using ten genetic markers (nine microsatellites and the BOLA-DRB3 locus). The computer program CERVUS was used to estimate the LOD score values and the confidence of paternity assignments. The results presented here show that three out of five paternity cases were assigned at 95% of confidence to a single sire with a LOD score ranging from 2.53 to 3.55. A fourth male was assigned using its delta value. Finally, all alleged sires were excluded from the paternity of the fifth offspring, probably due to the existence of an non-sampled male in the studied population. We concluded that the likelihood-based approach, included into CERVUS program, was a powerful tool in cattle kinship analysis when dealing with judicial dispute particularly when the dam's genotype was absent, allowing the assignments of paternity at 95% level of confidence in situations usually used by dairy and beef cattle producers in Argentine (e.g., multi-sire pasture mating).     

东北老工业基地城市社区社会资本的缺失与重建——来自长春市两个典型社区的经验与启示

对长春市崇智社区和东站十委这两个典型社区的深度解读,透视了基层政府、社区居委会、非政府组织和居民在社会资本生产中的地位.作为衡量单位制解体后社区公共空间和谐程度的重要指标,社会资本存量需要通过组织行动和制度建构的途径进行重建,不仅要发挥居委会的主导作用.重新定位居委会的服务职能和管理理念;深入推进国企改制战略,加快"去单位化"步伐,还要增强社区的福利分配功能,从而强化居民与社区的利益关联;大力培育社区非政府组织,激活并利用"讲人情、重情义"的传统文化资源.     

试论我国未来劳动合同法中缔约过失责任制度的构建——兼评《劳动合同法(草案)》相关条款

当前,构建劳动缔约过失责任制度很有现实必要性。鉴于劳动合同与民事合同之间的差异,在我国未来劳动合同法中缔约过失责任制度的构建中,不能将《合同法》中关于缔约过失责任的相关规定照搬过来,劳动合同缔约过失责任中的主体、适用范围、归则原则、赔偿范围及责任承担方均有其特殊性。