日本知识产权管理工程师职业资格制度研究

日本是世界上首次建立由国家认可的知识产权管理工程师职业资格制度的国家。日本知识产权管理工程师职业资格制度是因应知识产权战略实施而建立的,其发展经历了从民间资格到国家资格的过程,并与其他专业资格考试有较大区别,强调人才能力标准。深入研究日本知识产权管理工程师职业资格制度,对我国知识产权管理人才相关制度的建设有一定参考借鉴意义。     

商业言论自由的宪法学思考

商业言论自由是指公民为商业目的而传播商品或服务信息的自由(或权利).商业言论自由属于言论自由的范畴,其宪法地位为宪法文本和宪法判例所确认.商业言论自由之宪法保护的意义在于实现经济领域的言论自由、保护消费者权益和控制政府权力.商业言论自由对于言论自由本身具有重要意义,商业言论自由既是对言论自由价值的明证,也丰富了言论自由的价值内涵.在权利类型上,商业言论自由具有言论自由和经济权利的"竞合性"特征.     

近年来国家文化安全热点问题分析

近年来,围绕我国国家文化安全显示出诸多热点问题,值得我们关注与深思:国家文化软实力快速提升,民族精神空前升华,"国学热"不断升温,"汉语热"持续火爆,传统节日调整备受关注,山寨文化迅猛崛起等等,无一不表明我国国家文化安全已经呈现出与时俱进的崭新态势。     

中国—东盟自由贸易区国际投资条约的冲突与协调

在中国—东盟自由贸易区内存在多层级的国际投资条约的适用问题。有的投资条约侧重投资自由化,有的注重对投资的保护,强调投资保护和强调投资自由化之间存在着潜在的冲突。这些条约的缔约国在履行双重条约义务时就难免会发生冲突。就条约具体条款而言,存在实体性规则的冲突和程序性规则的冲突。对于条约冲突的解决可以运用动态的条约解释方法和条约自身的冲突条款予以解决。但条约冲突是一个复杂问题,没有一个简单的方法就可以解决所有冲突,我们只能减少条约的冲突而不能消除所有冲突。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测生物样品中百草枯及其代谢物

目的建立生物样品中百草枯(paraquat,PQ)及其2种主要代谢物monoquat,paraquatmonopyridone(MP)的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法,应用于百草枯中毒案件的法医学鉴定。方法生物样品经乙腈或甲醇沉淀蛋白,使用Agilent HILIC Plus(4.6×100mm,3.5μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液～0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液(v/v)为流动相进行洗脱,在多反应监测模式下检测。结果百草枯及其代谢物在1～1000ng/mL内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9996,最低检出限为0.34～6.00ng/mL,检测准确度为91.25%～113.44%,日内及日间精密度分别为1.51%～3.99%和1.92%～4.93%。结论本文建立的LC-MS/MS法具有灵敏度高、特异性好的特点,可应用于百草枯中毒相关案件的法医学鉴定。     

Duplications of the Y-chromosome specific loci P25 and 92R7 and forensic implications

In the present study, we demonstrate that two commonly used Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), P25 and 92R7, are paralogous sequence variants (PSVs) originating from segmental duplications and that at least one of the sequence variants in each group of loci is polymorphic. Several methodologies were used in order to detect the SNP alleles and the PSVs of the loci. All results obtained with the various typing techniques supported the conclusion. The allele distributions of the binary markers were analysed in more than 600 males with seven different haplogroups. For P25, the ancestral allele C was found in several samples from different haplogroups. The derived allele A was always present with an additional C variant. Haplogroup P was defined by the derived allele A at the 92R7 locus. However, the ancestral allele G was always associated with an A variant due to the duplication.     

Assignment of paternity in a judicial dispute between two neighbor Holstein dairy farmers

DNA profiling was used as evidence to assign paternity in a dispute between two neighbors in a judicial case of undue appropriation of cattle offspring from five alleged Holstein sires. Five offspring were genotyped using ten genetic markers (nine microsatellites and the BOLA-DRB3 locus). The computer program CERVUS was used to estimate the LOD score values and the confidence of paternity assignments. The results presented here show that three out of five paternity cases were assigned at 95% of confidence to a single sire with a LOD score ranging from 2.53 to 3.55. A fourth male was assigned using its delta value. Finally, all alleged sires were excluded from the paternity of the fifth offspring, probably due to the existence of an non-sampled male in the studied population. We concluded that the likelihood-based approach, included into CERVUS program, was a powerful tool in cattle kinship analysis when dealing with judicial dispute particularly when the dam's genotype was absent, allowing the assignments of paternity at 95% level of confidence in situations usually used by dairy and beef cattle producers in Argentine (e.g., multi-sire pasture mating).     

东北老工业基地城市社区社会资本的缺失与重建——来自长春市两个典型社区的经验与启示

对长春市崇智社区和东站十委这两个典型社区的深度解读,透视了基层政府、社区居委会、非政府组织和居民在社会资本生产中的地位.作为衡量单位制解体后社区公共空间和谐程度的重要指标,社会资本存量需要通过组织行动和制度建构的途径进行重建,不仅要发挥居委会的主导作用.重新定位居委会的服务职能和管理理念;深入推进国企改制战略,加快"去单位化"步伐,还要增强社区的福利分配功能,从而强化居民与社区的利益关联;大力培育社区非政府组织,激活并利用"讲人情、重情义"的传统文化资源.     

试论我国未来劳动合同法中缔约过失责任制度的构建——兼评《劳动合同法(草案)》相关条款

当前,构建劳动缔约过失责任制度很有现实必要性。鉴于劳动合同与民事合同之间的差异,在我国未来劳动合同法中缔约过失责任制度的构建中,不能将《合同法》中关于缔约过失责任的相关规定照搬过来,劳动合同缔约过失责任中的主体、适用范围、归则原则、赔偿范围及责任承担方均有其特殊性。     

Historical constraints to privatization: The case of the nationalized chilean copper industry

The military regime that came to power in 1973 made no attempt to hide its intentions to drastically restructure the state. Because of Chile’s historical economic dependence on its copper industry, which had been nationalized at high political and economic cost, many feared that the nationalization process would be reverted and that the gains won against dependency would be lost. The article examines why the efforts to privatize the Chilean National Copper Corporation (CODELCO) were not successful. This failure must be attributed to the country’s long experience with external economic dependence, which produced a deep-seated national awareness of the drawbacks of foreign control, and to the benefits that the industry brings to powerful groups in the regime, above all the Chilean Army.