"远敌"与"近敌":伊斯兰极端主义的内部论争

作为“远敌”的西方世界和“近敌”的伊斯兰世界“叛教者政府”,哪一个才是优先打击目标,是伊斯兰极端主义者们论争的焦点问题之一。“远敌”和“近敌”的排序,也在很大程度上影响着伊斯兰极端组织的战略实践。以“远敌”为优先袭击目标的伊斯兰极端组织,往往将美国和西方国家在阿拉伯世界的人员和利益作为袭击重点,同时努力向西方世界内部渗透,伺机发动大规模的暴恐袭击,挫败“异教徒”在伊斯兰世界的势力,促使穆斯林“觉醒”,进而建立一个涵盖所有伊斯兰世界的“哈里发国”;而以“近敌”为优先袭击目标的伊斯兰极端组织,则将所在国的政权和领导人视为“叛教者”,其优先的战略目标是对所在国或者周边地区发动暴恐袭击,通过暴力活动制造混乱进而夺取政治权力,建立“伊斯兰国家”。不同伊斯兰极端组织在“远敌”和“近敌”优先次序上的实践,源于不同的伊斯兰极端主义政治逻辑,因此对伊斯兰极端主义“远敌”和“近敌”战略的分析,有助于我们理解伊斯兰极端主义的政治逻辑,为国际社会更好地应对伊斯兰极端主义思想及实践提供一定启示。     

Political Trust,Ideology, and Public Support in the United States for Government Spending on Health Care

The U.S. health-care costs have increased at a rapid rate over the last several decades. How much responsibility the government should bear with the increase in health-care costs is one of the main questions that lack consensus among the American people. Utilizing the 2016 General Social Survey data, this study shows that over two-thirds of Americans want to see more or much more spending on health care by the government. An ordered logit regression model shows that political trust and ideology are significant correlates in predicting attitudes toward government spending on health care. The policy implications of the findings are discussed in the “Conclusion” section.     

RNICE Model: Evaluating the Contribution of Replication Studies in Public Administration and Management Research

Replication studies relate to the scientific principle of replicability and serve the significant purpose of providing supporting (or contradicting) evidence regarding the existence of a phenomenon. However, replication has never been an integral part of public administration and management research. Recently, scholars have called for more replication, but academic reflections on when replication adds substantive value to public administration and management research are needed. This article presents the RNICE conceptual model, for assessing when and how a replication study contributes knowledge about a social phenomenon and advances knowledge in the public administration and management literatures. The RNICE model provides a vehicle for researchers who seek to evaluate or demonstrate the value of a replication study systematically. The practical application of the model is illustrated using two published replication studies.     

Do Political Similarities Facilitate Interlocal Collaboration?

This research examines the extent to which political similarities—that is, homophily between political actors at the local level—affect patterns of interorganizational collaboration in an emergency response situation. While the field of emergency management has focused on implementation‐oriented arrangements among key stakeholders, few studies have systemically investigated the creation and development of interorganizational collaborations led by political actors, especially following catastrophic events. The analysis reveals that a dyadic tie with political homophily boosts local responders’ ties with other agencies during emergencies. Findings indicate that political solidarity, formulated by chief elected officials of municipalities and council members, can broaden the scope of interorganizational collaboration by mitigating institutional collective action problems at the local level. This research presents a critical recommendation for emergency managers that interlocal collaboration for timely response to a disaster is attributable to political similarities that facilitate frequent interlocal interactions through formal and/or informal agreements.     

深入推进学习型党组织建设积极创建学习型学校——学习型学校建设的案例研究

学习型学校的核心是学习,学习成熟是一所学校成熟的重要标志。北京宣武红旗业余大学坚持以学习型党组织创建来带动学习型学校的建设,以团队学习来传播学校的核心理念,党政合力,创建双赢。     

Democratization and women’s representation in presidential cabinets: evidence from East and Southeast Asia

This article examines patterns of women’s cabinet representation across all presidential democracies in East and Southeast Asia since democratization. It demonstrates how the choice of female ministers differs across career backgrounds in presidential systems and further examines why young presidential systems in Asia are conducive to women’s access to ministerial power through professional career tracks. We argue that despite women’s successful performance in national legislative elections, women have been restricted to access the power resources necessary to target other political goals, such as cabinet positions, whereas democratic transition has provided broader avenues for women to emerge as professionals outside party politics. By analyzing original data on female ministers in East and Southeast Asia, the study finds that the share of women among professional ministers has increased over time, but women’s share among political ministers has not changed significantly. Additionally, the different qualifications of female politicians and professionals also make them eligible for appointment to different types of policy areas in terms of prestige and gender. Our analysis suggests that women’s cabinet representation has improved overall since democratic transition in Asia, but this improvement disguises contrasting outcomes in women’s cabinet status according to their career backgrounds.     

Temporary Loan Limits as a Natural Experiment in Federal Housing Administration Insurance

The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 dramatically but temporarily increased the mortgage loan amount eligible for insurance through the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). We use the implementation and expiration of these loan limits as a source of exogenous variation in the availability of FHA insurance to measure the impact on the overall mortgage market and conventional lending. We find that the introduction of higher loan limits increased the number of loan originations, but that the expiration of those loan limits roughly 6 years later did not significantly decrease affected loan originations. The substitution between loan products and small net impact on the overall mortgage market when the ESA loan limits expired may be explained by the return of a stronger conventional lending industry than existed during the housing crisis.     

新疆利用韩国企业直接投资的现状与展望

随着韩国企业在中国东部沿海发达地区的布局趋于完善和成熟以及中国西部大开发战略的逐步深入,全球经济格局调整和产业转移,大规模进入新疆等中国西部地区已成为必然。但目前韩国企业在新疆直接投资的整体规模上一直徘徊不前,相较东西部其他地区的投资额也有明显差距。因此,为了释放新疆与韩国的经济合作潜力,建议通过加强文化交流促进经济合作和改善投资环境加强直接投资的吸引力;通过吸引更多韩国跨国公司,扩大投资规模。     

基督教与"西化"

"润物细无声"的基督教传播 许多到西方求学的学子,大都有过去教堂的经历.有的是被当地的基督徒热情引领而去的,有的则是抱着好奇的心态自行前往的.作为长期受过无神论教育的中国学生和学者,要相信上帝的存在,并非易事,好多人去教堂,也主要是出于了解西方文化的初衷,想对基督教有些感性认识.真正最终成为基督徒的并不多.     

教师侵害未成年学生性犯罪案件的犯罪学思考

近年来以儿童学生(主要是女生)为性侵害对象的教师犯罪案件时有发生。这些案件对未成年学生的身心健康造成了巨大危害,社会影响非常恶劣。要抑制此类犯罪,父母应加强与孩子的沟通,尽早发现异常情况,坚决揭露教师性侵害事件;学校应加强学生的自我保护意识,开展性教育课程,强化师德教育,建立教育问责制,决不姑息包庇已经犯罪的相关责任人。