英国对外国国家豁免的实践和规定

<正> 一、前言在普通法,未经外国主仅国家的同意,不得在英国法院对该国提起诉讼。这种豁免基本上是由国际公法的一些规则和该法"平等者之间无统治权"的准则派生出来的。这些国际公法的规则已经成为英国普通法的组成部分。     

Observation of repair of wounded rat skin by affinity histochemical method of SJA

Time expression of SJA tissue receptors surrounding wounded skin of 40 rats was studied by affinity histochemical method. The results were compared to that by EGFR immunohistochemical method and c-myc situ hydridization method. It was observed that SJA receptors began to decrease after the skin was injured and reached the lowest quantities in 15 minutes. After that, they began to increase and reached the highest quantities in 2 hours. It needs to be further studied whether there is the correlation between SJA receptors and EGFR has the function of repairing wounded skin.     

Book reviews

Lawrence L. Whetten (ed.), The Future of Soviet Military Power. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers, 1977. vii+190 pp. £9.75.

Lawrence L. Whetten (ed.), The Political Implications of Soviet Military Power. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers, 1977. ii+183 pp. £9.75.

Arthur Jay Klinghoffer, The Soviet Union and International Oil Politics. New York: Columbia UP, 1977. 389 pp. $20.15.

Roy D. Laird, Joseph Hajda, Betty A. Laird (eds.), The Future of Agriculture in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe: The 1976–1980 Five Year Plans. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1977 (Outside the United States— Tonbridge, Kent: Ernest Benn).

Ronald J. Hill, Soviet Political Elites: the Case of Tiraspol. London: Martin Robertson, 1977. x+226 pp.

Karl W. Ryavec, Implementation of Soviet Economic Reforms: Political, Organizational and Social Processes. New York: Praeger Special Studies, 1975‐ 300 pp.

Alvin Z. Rubinstein, Red Star on the Nile. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP, 1977. 383 pp. 20.10 or £8.10 (paperback).

Raymond Hutchings, Soviet Science, Technology, Design. Interaction and Convergence. London: OUP for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1976. x+320 pp. £12.00.

Walter Sablinsky, The Road to Bloody Sunday (Father Gapon and the St. Petersburg Massacre of 1905). Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP, 1976. $18.50.

Robert J. Brym, The Jewish Intelligentsia and Russian Marxism. A Sociological Study of Intellectual Radicalism and Ideological Divergence. London: Macmillan Press, 1978. viii+157 pp. £8.95.

Vera S. Dunham, In Stalin's Time: Middleclass Values in Soviet Fiction. London: CUP, 1976. 283 pp. £10.00.

Gerd Meyer, Bürokratischer Sozialismus. Eine Analyse des sowjetischen Herrschaftssystems. Stuttgart: Frommann‐Holzboog, 1977. 331 pp.

R. W. Davies (ed.), The Soviet Union. London: Allen & Unwin, 1978. 191 pp. £6.50; £2.95 (flexicovers).     

Selection of twenty-four highly informative SNP markers for human identification and paternity analysis in Koreans

A number of DNA marker types suitable for human identification and parentage testing have been developed, of which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) merit attention as they are abundant, genetically stable, and amenable to high-throughput automated analysis. In this regard, 24 highly informative SNP markers representing each 22 autosome and both sex chromosomes were selected, and the allele and genotype frequencies of these SNPs were determined in a group composed of 30 unrelated Koreans. Based on frequency data from this group, the estimated probability of identity (P(I)) and probability of paternity exclusion (P(E)) with 22 autosomal SNP loci were 1.905x10(-10) and 98.9%, respectively. The SNPs in this study offer a small but highly accurate database that will be an essential reference for SNP-based forensic application in the future.     

Genetic polymorphisms of 15 STR loci in Han population from Shaanxi (NW China)

The genetic polymorphisms of 15 STR loci, namely D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D13S317, vWA, FGA, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D16S539, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D19S433 and D2S1338, were studied in 203 unrelated Han population from Shaanxi province using AmpF/STR Identifiler kit.     

从民族宗教文化信仰到全球旅游文化符号--以香格里拉为例

在西部藏民心目中,"香格里拉"是指一种原创理想的生活境界.香格里拉的信仰作为当地藏民的文化资源有其内在的合理性.但从20世纪末期以来,中国西部旅游资源开发的经济理念与全球化浪潮两相结合,香格里拉已成为全球文化旅游者消费的商品,香格里拉从少数民族的一种宗教文化信仰转型为全球化背景下全球游客消费的文化符号.     

The study of metabolite-to-parent drug ratios of methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine in hair

The metabolite-to-parent drug ratios were determined in the hair of 2444 methamphetamine (MA) abusers who had produced MA-positive hair results from 2001 to May 2005 and in the hair of 53 ecstasy abusers who had produced positive methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) hair results from 2002 to May 2005. For the hair analyses, hair strands were washed, cut into small pieces and extracted for 20 h in 1 mL methanol containing 1% HCl. Drugs in the extract were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using selective ion monitoring after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The six range groups were divided as follows on the basis of MA concentrations in hair (n = 2389): 0.5-5 ng/mg (n = 950), 5-10 ng/mg (n = 582), 10-20 ng/mg (n = 503), 20-30 ng/mg (n = 160), 30-40 ng/mg (n = 80), more than 40 ng/mg (n = 114) to assess the correlations between MA concentrations and metabolite-to-parent drug ratios. In groups of higher MA concentrations, lower ratios of AP/MA were found, and there was a statistically significant difference among six range groups. Comparisons of age groups (tens, twenties, thirties, forties, fifties, and sixties) and male and female subjects for the ratios of AP/MA showed a statistically significant difference. The detection of metabolites and the parent drug with reasonable ratios was found to be a useful indicator for distinguishing internal drug incorporation from external contamination. In our study, MA users can produce 0.4-116% (mean = 9%) of amphetamine (AP) concentrations in hair, and ecstasy users 1-110% (mean = 12%) of methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in appropriately washed hair samples.     

Considering the Tower of Babel: Correlates of Assimilation and Multiculturalism among Ethnic Minority and Majority Groups in the United States

Survey data collected from multiethnic samples of geographically dispersed college students and a national probability sample of US adults were utilized to examine the correlates of support for multiculturalism and assimilation—two competing interethnic ideologies, or ideals for how an ethnically diverse society should optimally function. Endorsement of multiculturalism and assimilation was related to perceived ethnic group differences, intergroup bias, and voting behavior on a number of public policies, but in opposite directions. Relative to white participants, ethnic minority participants endorsed multiculturalism to a greater extent, reported higher levels of group identification, and were more likely to support pro-diversity public policies. Discussion focuses on explanations for the variety of observed differences between ethnic minority and majority respondents, on the meaning of assimilation and multiculturalism, and on the argument that harmony between ethnic groups and dissimilarity between ethnic groups need not be thought of as mutually exclusive.

转型中的市场经济:理解"看不见的手"仍然需要相当长的时间

斯密"一只看不见的手"的经典理论验证了所有西方工业化国家市场经济的成功,可见"看不见的手"在市场经济中发挥的价值毋庸质疑.尽管如此,中国的市场经济的转型使我们花去了太多的时间,但是我们仍然不知道还要花多少时间和付出什么样的代价才能很好地理解"看不见的手".