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61.
62.
This article focuses on how people infer the justness of events they encounter. Earlier justice research typically asked participants
explicitly for their justice judgments. More recent research provided evidence for the possibility of spontaneous judgment
inferences. The present research extends this study in three important ways: it provides strong evidence that (1) spontaneous
social justice inferences can occur in multiple research paradigms, (2) these inferences constitute a process separate from
spontaneous general evaluation of valence, and (3) spontaneous justice inferences covary with individual differences in sensitivity
to justice. We provide evidence for these three conclusions by means of important implicit measurement research paradigms
that we specifically tailored to study justice inferences: the probe recognition paradigm and the grid-relearning paradigm.
We discuss the implications of our findings for both the literatures on justice and spontaneous inferences. 相似文献
63.
Kees van den Bos Joost Miedema Riël Vermunt Frederike Zwenk 《Social Justice Research》2011,24(1):6-24
Building and extending on justice theories and work on self-regulation, the current paper proposes a self-activation hypothesis
of affective reactions to fair and unfair events, stating that in circumstances in which people’s selves are activated, stronger
affective reactions to fair and unfair events are more likely, compared to circumstances in which people’s selves are not
or less strongly activated. Findings of two experiments indeed show that simply activating the self (supraliminally or even
subliminally) amplifies affective reactions to fair and unfair procedures (Experiment 1) and fair and unfair outcomes (Experiment
2). These findings thus reveal the important role of activation of the self for understanding fairness reactions. In the discussion,
we note the relevance of our self-activation hypothesis for insights into different accounts formulated in the justice domain. 相似文献
64.
People have a need to Belief in a Just World (BJW) in which people get what they deserve. When people are confronted with
an event which threatens this BJW (e.g. when they witness a girl falling victim to rape), people try to maintain their existing
beliefs, for example, by blaming the innocent victim for her ill fate. We argue that this defensive process of blaming innocent
victims in essence stems from self-regulatory failure. In accordance with this line of reasoning, our first experiment shows
that when self-regulatory resources were depleted (i.e. in the case of high ego-depletion) before BJW threatening information
describing an innocent victim of a rape crime, the effect of BJW threat on victim blaming amplified. Study 2 shows that when
self-regulation was facilitated by means of self-affirmation after the BJW threatening information, the effect of BJW threat
on victim blaming vanished. Taken together, our findings suggest that coping with BJW threats involve self-regulatory processes
leading to more or less defensive reactions (like blaming innocent victims). When people’s self-regulatory resources are depleted,
they react more negatively to innocent victims when they constitute a stronger threat to the BJW. Facilitating self-regulation,
by means of self-affirmation, enables people to cope with BJW threatening information, thereby inhibiting the urge to blame
innocent victims. 相似文献
65.
66.
When Fairness is Especially Important: Reactions to Being Inequitably Paid in Communal Relationships 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
This article focuses on when justice is especially important to people and, in doing so, explores the social conditions under
which the importance of justice may change in social interactions. More specifically, the authors examine how different types
of relationships affect evaluations of equitable and inequitable situations. It is argued that when people are confronted
with friends as interaction partners, as opposed to unknown others, they are motivated to attend to the needs of their friends
(Clark & Mills, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 12–24, 1979) and, therefore, they are not only concerned with their own outcomes, but also with their friends’ outcomes.
As predicted on the basis of this line of reasoning, two experiments demonstrate that when people’s interaction partners are
friends, people are indeed more satisfied with being underpaid and less satisfied with being overpaid compared to when their
interaction partners are unknown others. In the discussion, it is argued that these findings suggest that justice is especially
important to people when they are in communal relationships.
相似文献
Kees van den BosEmail: |
67.
Cooperative learning vs Confucian heritage culture's collectivism: confrontation to reveal some cultural conflicts and mismatch 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Asian countries with Confucian heritage culture (CHC) such as China, Vietnam, Singapore, Korea and Japan have been proven
to share characteristics of a collectivist society. Researchers agree that this collectivist mentality strongly supports cooperation
that CHC's learners/workers best perform in groups. However, little is known about the other side of the coin. Whilst applying
a method born in one culture to another, cultural differences have been forgotten. The so-called global application has led
to a situation in which a Western model is forced to launch in a completely new and different context. This new context and
the existing cultural values are not always incorporated into the implementation of a Western concept of cooperative learning.
Consequently, it does not necessarily follow that all forms of cooperative learning will surely succeed within a CHC environment.
As a result of ignoring, stereotyping and underestimating cultural and educational characteristics, in CHC countries, the
implementation of constructivism and one of its applications—cooperative learning—has ended up in failures, suspicion or resistance.
The authors would like to question (1) the fixed assumption that “group-work surely works in CHC countries” and (2) the domination
of developmentalism in education nowadays and its mismatch with cultural assets. With this paper, the authors contribute to
the recent call for culturally appropriate pedagogy.
相似文献
Nguyen Phuong-MaiEmail: |