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191.
192.
Linda R. Stanley Kimberly L. Henry Randall C. Swaim 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(9):1203-1214
This study seeks to provide a greater understanding of the factors that determine the perceived availability of alcohol and
its role in predicting adolescents’ alcohol use. Participants were 151,703 7th–12th grade students (50% female) from a sample
of 219 rural communities across the United States, with oversampling for predominantly Mexican-American and African-American
communities. Multilevel analysis was used to estimate the perceived availability of alcohol as a function of physical and
social availability measures and individual and community-level control variables. Physical availability was measured as the
number of alcohol outlets in the community and whether beer and wine were sold in non-liquor stores. Social availability measured
the availability of alcohol from social or family groups. Last month alcohol use was then estimated as a function of physical,
social and perceived availabilities and control variables. Physical availability had little relationship to perceived availability
or recent alcohol use while social availability was a strong predictor of both. Perceived availabilities at the individual
and community levels were significant in predicting last month alcohol use. The findings suggest that altering both perceived
and actual availability of alcohol can potentially have strong effects on the levels of adolescent alcohol use. 相似文献
193.
Melissa Y. Delgado Kimberly A. Updegraff Mark W. Roosa Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(2):125-139
Drawing on García Coll et al.’s integrative framework and the risk and resilience model, this study examined the relationships
between adolescents’ perceived discrimination and psychosocial adjustment and the moderating roles of adolescents’, mothers’,
and fathers’ cultural orientations and values, and adolescent gender in a sample of 246 Mexican-origin families. Using multilevel
modeling with data from mothers, fathers, seventh graders (M
age = 12.8 years; SD = .57 year) and older siblings (M
age = 15.7 years; SD = 1.5 years), findings revealed that perceived discrimination was positively related to depression, risky
behaviors, and deviant peer affiliations. In addition, parents’ cultural orientations and values and adolescent gender moderated
the relationships between perceived discrimination and some indicators of adjustment. These findings suggest that parents’
cultural orientations and values can serve as protective and vulnerability factors in the associations between Mexican-origin
adolescents’ perceived discrimination and their psychosocial adjustment. 相似文献
194.
Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor Kimberly A. Updegraff Melinda A. Gonzales-Backen 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(2):140-157
Mexican-origin adolescent mothers are at increased risk for poor psychosocial functioning as a result of various stressors
with which they must contend; however, existing theory suggests that cultural strengths may help mitigate the negative effects
of stress. As such, the current study examined the associations between cultural and economic stressors and Mexican-origin
adolescent mothers’ (N = 207; M age = 16.23 years, SD = 1.0) internalizing and externalizing behaviors, as well as the degree to which ethnic identity affirmation
and familism values moderated these links. Adolescent mothers who reported higher levels of discrimination, acculturative
stress, and economic stress also reported higher depressive symptoms and greater involvement in risky behaviors. Importantly,
ethnic identity affirmation minimized the negative associations between cultural stressors and adolescents’ involvement in
risky behaviors, with the associations being weakest among adolescents with high levels of ethnic identity. Familism appeared
to serve a protective function under conditions of low levels of discrimination, but not under conditions of high levels of
discrimination. Findings are discussed with special attention to the developmental and cultural contexts in which these adolescent
mothers’ lives are embedded, and implications for future research and practice are presented. 相似文献
195.
196.
Susan Elliott 《Development in Practice》2011,21(6):903-905
Blood on the Stone: Greed, Corruption and War in the Global Diamond Trade by Ian Smillie, Anthem Press, International Development Research Centre, 2010, ISBN: 978 1 55250 498 7, 237 pp. 相似文献
197.
Sexual violence is a global problem that particularly affects women and children. A retrospective analysis of 390 clinical-forensic examinations and 120 autopsies regarding injuries of the female genitalia in cases of sexual violence was performed. In the majority of cases no injuries of the female genitalia were found. Autopsy cases showed significantly more (and more serious) injuries of the genitalia than clinical forensic examinations (43 % vs. 25 %; p = 0.0004). Predominantly found were injuries of the external anogenital area, mostly tears or soft tissue lesions. In the current literature, data regarding the rate of injuries in victims of sexual violence vary strongly and their comparability is limited. Regarding the reconstruction of an offence, a forensic examination with an appropriate documentation of the injuries is evidently crucial. 相似文献
198.
Measurement of the amount of fat in femoral bone marrow can provide a quantitative assessment of the nutritional status of an individual animal. An analytical method is presented for quantitating the percent fat in bone marrow from three domestic species: bovine, canine, and equine. In this procedure, fat is extracted from bone marrow using pentane, and the percent fat recovered is determined gravimetrically. Based on analyses from adult animals (normal body condition scores), the average percentage of fat in the bone marrow was >80%. In cases in which animals have been diagnosed as emaciated or exhibit serous atrophy of fat (body scores of 1 or 2), the femoral bone marrow fat was less than 20%. In domestic animals, bone marrow fat analysis can be a useful, quantitative measure that, when used in conjunction with all other data available, can support a diagnosis of starvation or malnutrition. 相似文献
199.
Elliott T 《Medical law review》2011,19(4):636-645
200.
Psychological disorders associated with traumatic events, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may be prone to malingering due to the subjective nature of trauma symptomology. In general, symptoms tend to be inflated when an external reward (i.e., compensation) is associated with the claim. The present study was designed to test whether malingered claims of PTSD symptoms differed as a function of the type of trauma being malingered (accident, disaster, sexual assault) and the motivation for malingering (compensation, attention, revenge, no motivation). Participants were randomly assigned into conditions, given malingering instructions, and then asked to complete three measures of trauma symptoms (Impact of Event Scale??Revised; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist; Trauma Symptom Inventory). Results indicated that participants in the sexual assault condition produced higher symptom reports on nearly all scales. Revenge and compensation motivations yielded elevated symptom scores. Further, individuals rated high in fantasy proneness and dissociation produced elevated scores on atypical responding and most clinical scales. More research is needed to examine the extent to which different motivations and trauma types influence symptom reporting. 相似文献