Some uses and misuses of research for criminal justice policy development and utilization

Criminal justice research has been extensively critized In recent years for its may shortcomings. Problems In its use appear to focus around three major areas of effort: Policy-makers, research managers, and professional researchers. This paper reviews what are seen as some of the major obstacles to quality criminal justice research in each of these areas of contemporary concern. Then, a number of suggestions are offered which are designed to improve the use of research for policy development and utilization in criminal justice.     

Effects of class,race, sex,and educational status on patterns of aggression of lower-class youth

The influence of class, race, sex, and educational status on ways of handling aggression and temper control were studied by means of responses to open- and closed-ended questions. The sample consisted of 1844 inner-city youth in two northern cities. Race was found to be the only important discriminator: blacks were less aggressive and exhibited more temper control than whites, but once aggression occurred blacks were more likely than whites to assault others.Area of specialization is social psychology. Currently working on an interpretation case history of a holocaust episode in a rural German community.Area of specialization is social psychology. In Israel has studied the effects of ethnicity on a number of attitudinal and behavioral variables.     

Measuring party orientations towards European integration: Results from an expert survey

Abstract Some observers have held that political parties have been minor players in the process of European integration due to the low salience of the issue and the prevalence of intra party disagreement over European questions. Although recent scholarship and the rising salience of European issues have brought increased attention to the role of political parties, the study of the relationship between party positions and both public opinion and policy outcomes has been hampered by an absence of comparable data on party positions. This research note presents the findings of an expert survey on party positions on the issue of European integration. In addition to estimates of the parties' positions on the issue itself, this survey provides information on the importance of the issue of European integration to each party, and the extent of internal dissent within parties. The data also indicate that parties have, on average, become increasingly pro–European over the period 1984–1996. Both the salience of the issue of integration and the extent of intra–party disagreement have increased during this period. However, deep intra–party divisions appear less prevalent than commonly believed.