Invited Address: Street Killings: Prediction of Homicide Offenders and Their Victims

The article reports on childhood predictors (explanatory, behavioral and offenses) to predict homicide offenders in the longitudinal Pittsburgh Youth Study, and compares these predictors with predictors of homicide victims in the same study. This forms the basis for formulating antecedents that are shared between homicide offenders and homicide victims at a young age (ages 7–11) and antecedents that are not shared or are unique for each. Implications of the research are highlighted for early intervention and for interventions with high-risk offenders.     

Doctrines for Jihadi Terrorist Training

Based on an in-depth review of jihadi discourse on terrorist training and preparation, this article finds considerable differences between leading jihadi theorists on issues such as how training should be defined, its ultimate purpose, and where and how to prepare jihadi fighters. However, they all agree on the importance of training, and that ideological indoctrination and spiritual preparation should take precedence over physical and military training. The preparatory process must produce battle-hardened, martyrdom-seeking fighters, whose primary strength lies in their spiritual determination, their patience, and a willingess to employ savagery against the enemy.     

早期断乳应激性腹泻对仔猪肠道形态结构与肠道菌群的影响

为研究早期断奶应激性腹泻对仔猪肠道形态结构和肠道菌群的影响,选取21日龄体况相近的早期断奶腹泻仔猪6只,于腹泻次日采集各肠段样本进行病理组织学观察,并测定其肠道菌群。结果显示,早期断奶应激性腹泻仔猪的十二指肠黏膜呈轻度卡他性炎,黏膜上皮脱落,核溶解,绒毛稀少;空肠和回肠肠绒毛脱落,顶端凝固性坏死;空肠和直肠固有层大量中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞浸润;各段肠上皮细胞出现充血、出血、水肿、空泡变性等形态结构的改变。仔猪肠道菌群改变,主要表现为与健康仔猪相比,腹泻仔猪各肠段的类杆菌、大肠杆菌、梭菌数量显著升高(P<0.05),双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。证实早期断乳应激性腹泻能引起肠道形态结构的破坏和肠道菌群失调,从而加重仔猪腹泻。     

The Prediction of Young Homicide and Violent Offenders

Aim was to investigate a range of potentially modifiable risk factors for boys in late childhood for later violence and homicide convictions. Boys from the Pittsburgh Youth Study (N = 1,517) were measured through self-reports and official records in late childhood (ages 11–13) on a large number of potentially modifiable risk factors, and were followed up in juvenile and adult criminal records in terms of violence and homicide. Predictors of conviction for homicide largely overlapped with predictors of conviction for violence. Twenty three out of 28 possible risk factors significantly predicted later violence convictions. Regression analysis identified four significant modifiable risk factors in late childhood for any violent offenders: physical abuse, parental stress, bad friends and low school motivation. The higher the number of early risk factors, the higher the probability of later conviction for violent offenses including homicide. The discussion focus on single-, and multi-modal interventions in late childhood to reduce later violence and possibly homicide.     

Soviet Legacies,New Public Management and Bureaucratic Entrepreneurship in the Georgian Protection Police. Agencifying the Police?

The article studies agencification and commercialisation within the Georgian police, specifically the Protection Police Department as the successor organisation of the old extra-departmental guards. Despite ostensibly having been scheduled for privatisation from 2004, this unit was instead expanded and strengthened. Given the centrality of police reform in establishing the Saakashvili government's reformist credentials, this represents a critical case testing the limits of top-down neoliberal reform within the very institution that was seen as its centrepiece. It also shows how neo-managerialist forms of organisation—in particular the public law agency—are used to camouflage what remains, essentially, Soviet-style organisation.     

After the Truth Commission: Gender and Citizenship in Timor-Leste

This article explores the relationship between truth commissions and gendered citizenship through a case study of Timor-Leste. It examines how, 10 years after the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR) has completed its work, women’s citizenship remains constrained by, and negotiated within, deeply gendered narratives of nation-building that are informed by historical experiences of the resistance struggle. The power of these narratives—which foreground heroism rather than victimisation—underscores the need to situate truth commissions as part of an ongoing politics of memory. Despite the power of political elites to shape this politics, the continued marginalisation of sections of society within official narratives is also providing an impetus for alternative truth-telling efforts that seek to broaden public perspectives on the past. By promoting new narratives of women’s experiences of the conflict, these projects might be understood as attempts to negotiate and transform gendered conceptions of citizenship in the present and for the future.     

FEMININE SEXUALITIES IN CHICK LIT

Feminists have offered highly contested readings of whether the depiction of active feminine sexual subjectivities in some popular cultural genres is progressive or regressive in feminist terms. This article aims to contribute to these debates by exploring representations of women's sexualities in a selection of texts by Marian Keyes, a popular Irish writer of contemporary fiction for women, known as chick lit. Following Charlotte Brunsdon, our study looks specifically for evidence of feminine sexual agency in these texts. The analysis reveals that Keyes's women are proactive in trying to stake out their own sexual territory in an assertive and fun-loving way. Their final efforts, though, look remarkably conventional in the form of heterosexual monogamous relationships, suggesting in feminist terms that these cultural shifts in representations are neither straightforwardly progressive nor regressive.