Stability studies of ALD-52 and its homologue 1P-LSD

With the emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) over the years, the substances detected on stamps (also known as blotter papers) have also evolved from the traditional drug—lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to the multiple variants of lysergamides such as ALD-52 and 1P-LSD. The analysis of such blotter papers is usually done by solvent extraction followed by identification using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study has shown that hydrolysis to form LSD was observed in GC-MS analysis when ALD-52 was extracted with methanol. The extraction of ALD-52 using other solvents such as acetonitrile, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, and acetone, followed by GC-MS analysis, was investigated. It is shown that alcoholic solvents such as methanol and ethanol will result in the conversion of ALD-52 to LSD during GC-MS analysis, whereas the sterically hindered isopropyl alcohol will prevent this conversion. Investigation also shows that the hydrolysis of ALD-52 to LSD occurs at the GC injector port. It was also observed that the degree of hydrolysis was more pronounced at a lower concentration (0.1 mg/mL). The study was extended to a close analog—1P-LSD, and the results showed that 1P-LSD similarly hydrolyzes to LSD. However, 1P-LSD was observed to be more stable than ALD-52 due to steric hindrance because of the propanoyl group.     

我国警察巡逻勤务中存在的问题及改革方向

巡逻警务是由英国罗伯特.皮尔博士最先提出的,它是早期的勤务形式,作为现代警察最基本的勤务方式,巡逻勤务在全部勤务活动中居于基础和先发的地位,我国在学习借鉴西方先进警察管理理念和方式的过程中,建立了自己的巡警体制和巡逻勤务模式,并在我国的社会发展变迁中发挥了重要作用,但任何事物的发展都不是一蹴而就的,它是一个螺旋向上,不断改进完善的过程。     

网络教育中师生关系的重新定位

网络教育是一种基于计算机技术、网络技术和通信技术进行知识传输和知识学习的新型教育模式。网络教育时代,传统的师生关系被解构,构建新型的师生关系,转变师生角色已成为一种必然。文章通过对网络教育的基本特征、新型师生关系基本内涵的剖析,提出了网络教育中师生关系重新定位的设想。     

学报编辑出版中差错的产生与控制探讨

学报编辑出版中差错产生主要是系统差错,究其原因,个别编辑的素质不高,缺乏责任心;编辑部内部管理不严,规章制度执行不力;出版印刷系统的人员岗位不稳定,频繁调动等因素。学报编辑出版工作是一个系统工程,系统研究的核心是系统的控制问题。学报编辑出版过程实际上是一个控制过程。应用控制论中的最小概率原理、最短路线、互补原理、封闭原理来减少系统差错,其方法与途径是抓好工程质量,提高系统素质;全面统筹规划,优化系统功能;健全规章制度,保证系统正常;搞好检查调整,增强系统活力。     

试论犯罪现场分析的方法

现场分析是现场勘查的重要组成部分,是现场实地勘验和调查访问的继续和深入,是一个关键的步骤和环节。现场分析正确与否,不仅直接关系到现场勘查的质量,而且直接影响着侦查工作的成败。而要防止现场分析出现错误,保证现场分析的正确率,重要的是应采用正确的方法进行现场分析,实现内容与形式的统一。     

从冷漠关注到温情反抗——论余华小说中死亡主题的演变

死亡一直是余华小说的主题之一。在他的前期作品中,对死亡的态度是冷漠关注,在后期作品中采取的态度则是温情反抗。无论是冷漠关注还是温情反抗,余华所关注的都是人类的生存图景．最终达到对死亡的超越和对生命的肯定。     

关于人身能否成为民事执行标的的思考

民事执行标的应限于被执行人的财产和被执行人完成的行为。将被执行人的人身作为执行标的既不利于人权保障,也不符合现代法治的基本要求,同时会助长“执行乱”现象的滋生。应着力完善相关制度,以期缓解“执行难”的现状。     

如何进一步完善我国律师继续教育体系

1979年律师制度恢复以来,我国律师事业取得了飞速发展。迄今为止,我国执业律师已达11万多人,其中专职律师有10.3万多人,兼职律师6000多人。若加上律师辅助人员,律师行业的从业人员已有14万人。在律师数量不断增长的同时,我们也更加重视如何进一步提高我国律师的整体素质。律师行业本身就应当是一个高素质行业,但由于我国在初始阶段入门起点较低(我们认为,即便我国已经开始实行司法统一考试,也不能讲我国律师行业的入门门槛就足够高了),加之律师继续教育体系不甚成熟,致使我国律师的整体素质仍未达到理想水平,同那些律师业发达的国家相比,更…     

Exploration of the Community Attitude toward Sex Offender Scale in a Chinese Cultural Context

Chinese culture holds very different beliefs regarding sex offenses, violence against women and punishment against offenders. Little is known however about Chinese attitudes toward sex offenders and sex offending policies. The aim of this study was to validate the Community Attitude toward Sex Offender Scale in the Chinese cultural context. Results from a territory-wide telephone survey in Hong Kong revealed a three factor structure that measures perceptions of sex offenders’ social isolation, deviancy and punitive attitudes toward sex offenders. The scale has been renamed as the simplified Community Attitude toward Sex Offender Scale-Chinese (CATSO-C). Each subscale and the total scale showed acceptable internal reliability. This instrument has implications for future cross-cultural studies as well as professionals that work with sex offenders.