Racial Minority Women and Criminal Justice Responses to Domestic Violence

Racialized minority women’s experiences with Canadian specialized criminal justice responses to domestic violence have seldom been documented. Informed by an intersectionality framework, this qualitative study presents the struggles of 14 racial minority women from three Canadian cities and their experiences with the police and criminal court’s response to their partner’s acts of domestic violence. The results focus on how well specialized criminal justice responses address the needs of these women and protect them from further violence. Factors that facilitate or deter these women from approaching the criminal justice system for help are highlighted. The implications of these women’s narratives for criminal justice responses to domestic violence are discussed.     

Attribution and the Illegality Defence

In Jetivia SA v Bilta (UK) Ltd (in liquidation) all seven judges of the Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeal by holding that the illegality defence could not be raised as a defence against the claim made by the company because the wrongdoing of the directors and shareholder cannot be attributed to the company. Although all the judges unanimously agreed on the outcome of the case, their reasoning concerning the approach to attribution and the different circumstances under which attribution should or should not take place differed. Further, the Supreme Court was divided on the issue of the correct approach to the illegality defence.     

Developmental Times of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at Constant Temperatures and Applications in Forensic Entomology

The characteristic life stages of infesting blowflies (Calliphoridae) such as Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) are powerful evidence for estimating the death time of a corpse, but an established reference of developmental times for local blowfly species is required. We determined the developmental rates of C. megacephala from southwest China at seven constant temperatures (16–34°C). Isomegalen and isomorphen diagrams were constructed based on the larval length and time for each developmental event (first ecdysis, second ecdysis, wandering, pupariation, and eclosion), at each temperature. A thermal summation model was constructed by estimating the developmental threshold temperature D₀ and the thermal summation constant K. The thermal summation model indicated that, for complete development from egg hatching to eclosion, D₀ = 9.07 ± 0.54°C and K = 3991.07 ± 187.26 h °C. This reference can increase the accuracy of estimations of postmortem intervals in China by predicting the growth of C. megacephala.     

承接产业转移与政府的生态选择

无论从理论还是从实践来考察,承接产业转移需要解决的最大问题都是发展与生态的问题。政府作为承接产业转移的主导,如何定位自己的生态职责？如何作出科学的生态决策？如何找准发展与生态的结合点,处理好发展经济与保护环境的关系？这的确是一个很耐思量和需要深入探讨的问题。     

Relatively Permanent Pigmented or Vascular Skin Marks for Identification: A Pilot Reliability Study

In child sexual exploitation offenses, the collected evidence images often show the skin of nonfacial body parts of the criminals and victims. For identification in this scenario, “relatively permanent pigmented or vascular skin marks,” abbreviated as RPPVSM, were recently introduced as the basis for a novel biometric trait. This pilot study evaluated the interexaminer variability of RPPVSM identification. Four dermatology physicians were recruited to examine RPPVSM from 75 skin images collected from a total of 51 Caucasian and Asian subjects. The images were separated into 50 reference (“suspect”) images and 25 evaluation (“evidence”) images. The examiners were asked to perform identification by annotating RPPVSM in each of the 25 evaluation images and matching them with the reference images. The rate of misidentification was 0% while the mean rate at which examiners failed to find a match was 6%, indicating the potential of dermatology physicians performing the role of RPPVSM examiners.     

Stability studies of ALD-52 and its homologue 1P-LSD

With the emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) over the years, the substances detected on stamps (also known as blotter papers) have also evolved from the traditional drug—lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to the multiple variants of lysergamides such as ALD-52 and 1P-LSD. The analysis of such blotter papers is usually done by solvent extraction followed by identification using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study has shown that hydrolysis to form LSD was observed in GC-MS analysis when ALD-52 was extracted with methanol. The extraction of ALD-52 using other solvents such as acetonitrile, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, and acetone, followed by GC-MS analysis, was investigated. It is shown that alcoholic solvents such as methanol and ethanol will result in the conversion of ALD-52 to LSD during GC-MS analysis, whereas the sterically hindered isopropyl alcohol will prevent this conversion. Investigation also shows that the hydrolysis of ALD-52 to LSD occurs at the GC injector port. It was also observed that the degree of hydrolysis was more pronounced at a lower concentration (0.1 mg/mL). The study was extended to a close analog—1P-LSD, and the results showed that 1P-LSD similarly hydrolyzes to LSD. However, 1P-LSD was observed to be more stable than ALD-52 due to steric hindrance because of the propanoyl group.     

我国警察巡逻勤务中存在的问题及改革方向

巡逻警务是由英国罗伯特.皮尔博士最先提出的,它是早期的勤务形式,作为现代警察最基本的勤务方式,巡逻勤务在全部勤务活动中居于基础和先发的地位,我国在学习借鉴西方先进警察管理理念和方式的过程中,建立了自己的巡警体制和巡逻勤务模式,并在我国的社会发展变迁中发挥了重要作用,但任何事物的发展都不是一蹴而就的,它是一个螺旋向上,不断改进完善的过程。     

网络教育中师生关系的重新定位

网络教育是一种基于计算机技术、网络技术和通信技术进行知识传输和知识学习的新型教育模式。网络教育时代,传统的师生关系被解构,构建新型的师生关系,转变师生角色已成为一种必然。文章通过对网络教育的基本特征、新型师生关系基本内涵的剖析,提出了网络教育中师生关系重新定位的设想。     

学报编辑出版中差错的产生与控制探讨

学报编辑出版中差错产生主要是系统差错,究其原因,个别编辑的素质不高,缺乏责任心;编辑部内部管理不严,规章制度执行不力;出版印刷系统的人员岗位不稳定,频繁调动等因素。学报编辑出版工作是一个系统工程,系统研究的核心是系统的控制问题。学报编辑出版过程实际上是一个控制过程。应用控制论中的最小概率原理、最短路线、互补原理、封闭原理来减少系统差错,其方法与途径是抓好工程质量,提高系统素质;全面统筹规划,优化系统功能;健全规章制度,保证系统正常;搞好检查调整,增强系统活力。     

试论犯罪现场分析的方法

现场分析是现场勘查的重要组成部分,是现场实地勘验和调查访问的继续和深入,是一个关键的步骤和环节。现场分析正确与否,不仅直接关系到现场勘查的质量,而且直接影响着侦查工作的成败。而要防止现场分析出现错误,保证现场分析的正确率,重要的是应采用正确的方法进行现场分析,实现内容与形式的统一。