小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中iNOS和eNOS表达的免疫组织化学研究

目的观察小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中,iNOS和eNOS在损伤区及损伤周边区内的表达及其变化规律。方法小鼠背部制作全层切创,应用免疫组织化学技术观察伤后切创组织中iNOS和eNOS的表达,并和无切创的小鼠作为对照。结果损伤区及损伤周边区细胞,伤后3h的损伤皮肤组织中可见少量的多型核细胞表达iNOS和eNOS,伤后6～24h,大部分浸润的中性粒细胞和单核细胞为iNOS和eNOS阳性。随着时间的延长,iNOS和eNOS阳性细胞以单核细胞和成纤维细胞为主。伤后3hiNOS的阳性细胞比率较低,6h～1d持续性增加并于1d达到最高峰,3～7d维持在一个相对稳定的水平直至伤后10d再次达高峰,10～14d开始下降。eNOS的阳性细胞率在伤后1～3h表达较低,6h～3d持续性增高,并在3d达到最高峰,在其后的5d内保持稳定表达,之后开始下降。而且损伤区及损伤周边区、特别是肉芽组织内的新生血管可见iNOS和eNOS不同强度的表达。结论小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中,iNOS和eNOS在损伤周边区内多型核细胞、单核细胞和成纤维细胞中表达,其时序性变化可望用于皮肤损伤时间的推断。     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中磷酸化 p38MAPK 表达及其与时间的相关性

目的探讨小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中损伤区磷酸化p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)的表达情况,以及不同损伤时间p-p38MAPK的变化规律。方法应用免疫组织化学和Westernblot的方法检测33例小鼠皮肤切创后各个时间段p-p38MAPK表达情况。结果正常组织中有少量的p-p38MAPK表达。伤后3～12h损伤区p-p38MAPK主要表达于中性粒细胞中,1～5dp-p38MAPK阳性表达主要为单核细胞和成纤维细胞。7～14dp-p38MAPK阳性表达主要以成纤维细胞为主。阳性细胞率3～12h逐渐升高,1d有所下降,3、5d阳性细胞率保持在高水平,7～14d阳性细胞率逐渐降低。Westernblot显示各个时间段均有p-p38MAPK的表达。其中12h和3d为2个p-p38MAPK含量的高峰。结论在小鼠切创愈合过程中p-p38MAPK在损伤区对诱导中性粒细胞、单核细胞和成纤维细胞的凋亡起重要的作用,同时p-p38MAPK的规律性表达可用于损伤时间的推断。     

海商法和海事法的联系与区别——兼论海商法学的建立与发展

文章从分析英文admiralty与maritime两词的语源和语义出发,讨论了中国法律框架下"海事"与"海商"的区别,厘清了海商法与海事法的关系,提出海商法体系的构建和完善主要是物权体系和债权体系的构建和完善。     

试论我国农村集体建设用地使用权的流转

农村集体建设用地使用权的流转是理论界和实务界长期关注的焦点问题,本文从农村集体建设用地使用权流转的现状入手,简要分析了我国现行法律禁止农村集体建设用地使用权进入土地交易一级市场流转的弊端,最后结合民法价值判断问题的实体性论证规则论证了允许农村集体建设用地使用权依法自由流转的正当性。     

法官视角中的能动司法

能动司法是司法创造力的体现。在美国,这种司法能动的突出表现形式是司法审查权,通过多年的案例发展,美国已经形成了较为完备的司法审查体制。在英国,至今法院尚无对立法的审查权。但在英美法系国家,由于有判例法传统,法官的司法能动性相对较大,在案件审理中,区分相似案件事实和不断发展法律规则是法官司法技术的重要组成部分。英美法系的司法能动对我国司法实践具有积极的借鉴意义。在我国,司法能动在审判领域的主要表现形式是最高法院司法解释、个案法官法律论证,其主线是政策考量与法律考量,也可称之为社会效果考量与法律效果考量。     

Evaluation of human brain damage in fatalities due to extreme environmental temperature by quantification of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100β and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) immunoreactivities

Fatalities due to extreme environmental temperatures involving hypothermia (cold exposure) and hyperthermia (heat stroke) might present with poor or nonspecific morphological pathologies, which are insufficient to establish the cause of death in forensic practice. The present study immunohistochemically investigated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100β and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the parietal lobe and hippocampus of the brain in fatalities from hypothermia (n=15) and hyperthermia (n=18), and compared them to those of controls (n=39), including acute death due to ischemic heart disease, mechanical asphyxiation and drowning. In addition, S100β concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured. Characteristic findings in hypothermia cases were higher glial bFGF immunopositivity in the cerebral cortex and white matter, and higher S100β immunopositivity in the cerebral cortex with a lower CSF S100β concentration. Hyperthermia showed lower glial GFAP and S100β immunopositivities in the white matter, and higher neuronal ssDNA immunopositivity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, accompanied by high glial bFGF and S100β immunopositivities in the cerebral cortex. These findings suggest neuroprotective glial responses without marked neuronal or glial damage in fatal hypothermia, and diffuse neuronal apoptosis despite initiation of neuroprotective cortical astrocyte responses, accompanied by glial damage in the white matter, in fatal hyperthermia. These markers may be useful for evaluating brain damage and responses in fatalities due to extreme environmental temperatures.     

试论中国传统司法裁判中的修辞意蕴及其演进

源于司法实践需要的中国古代司法裁判文书,在不同的历史时期展现出了不同的修辞意蕴,自唐代之后,体现在司法裁判文书中的修辞技巧并不仅仅是制判者体现自己文章水平的文体性修辞手法,而且也存在着以强化判词受众接受和自觉服从为目的的说理性修辞。而且自南宋以来,这种说理性的修辞手法更趋丰富,既有论证判决结论合法、合理的修辞技巧,又存在着实现教化与整合伦理规范为目标的修辞手法。     

功能性重组乳杆菌NC8-RLP对HUVEC细胞氧化应激损伤的抑制作用

为探究功能性重组乳杆菌NC8-RLP在缓解细胞内氧化应激损伤中的作用,首先构建氧化应激细胞模型,使用不同浓度的NC8-RLP作用细胞模型,通过MTT方法检测细胞的存活率和NC8-RLP毒性作用,观察细胞形态的变化;检测细胞模型内ROS含量的变化;采用Western-boltting检测NOX2、iNOS、Nrf2蛋白表达的情况。结果显示,成功建立氧化应激细胞模型OS-HUVEC,MTT结果发现NC8-RLP对HUVEC细胞无毒性作用,且具有一定的促进细胞增殖作用,同时可减少OS-HUVEC细胞凋亡。当NC8-RLP保护OS-HUVEC模型2 h后,细胞内的ROS含量降低,iNOS、NOX2蛋白表达量与阳性对照组相比明显减少,Nrf2蛋白表达量增加。说明NC8-RLP对缓解细胞内氧化应激损伤作用有很好的调控作用。     

《青年团的任务》中的青年共产主义教育思想及时代新解

《青年团的任务》作为列宁马克思主义青年观、青年教育思想的经典文献,历经跨世纪的时间考验和实践检验,依然对新时代高校共青团工作、对青年团员的培养产生重要的理论价值和实践意义.重温百年经典文献《青年团的任务》,旨在从学习共产主义知识、培养共产主义道德两个维度吸收其理论价值;汲取其经验教训;以习近平关于青年和共青团工作的重要论述为新解,在百年的时空场域里赋予其更丰富的时代内涵、时代元素、时代价值,从而更好地传承、发扬和创新列宁的青年共产主义教育思想,使马克思主义经典文献在新时代的星空下熠熠生辉.     

Rapid and nondestructive analysis of lipstick on different substrates using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics

Lipstick can be an important piece of evidence in crimes like murders, rapes, and suicides. Due to its prevalence, it can be an important corroborative evidence in crime reconstruction. The analysis of such evidence can provide an evidentiary link between the suspect, the victim, object, or the crime scene. We report the use of nondestructive ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for the classification of 10 brands of lipsticks with nine samples each. Chemometric method of partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) has been employed to interpret the data and classify the samples into their respective classes. The PLS-DA model provides an AUC figure above 0.99 in all brands except one; for which it is slightly less at 0.94. We have also tested the traces of these lipstick samples on different substrates treating them as unknowns in the already trained PLS-DA model. 100% of the samples on nine substrates viz. a cotton, nylon, plastic, dry tissue, denim (blue jeans), wet tissue, nitrile gloves, white paper, and polyester were correctly attributed to their source brand. In conclusion, the results suggest that ATR-FTIR combined with the chemometrics is a rapid, nondestructive, and accurate method for the discrimination and source attribution of lipstick. This study has potential for use in actual forensic casework conditions.