This study examined the test validity of the respondent validity scales of the Ruff neurobehavioral inventory (RNBI). In a private practice sample of motor vehicle accident pain patients (n?=?54) without neurologic injury, the scores obtained for these scales were compared with and correlated with equivalent ones on the Millon clinical multi-axial inventory III (MCMI III) and the Detailed assessment of post-traumatic stress (DAPS). Results revealed that there was a consistent pattern of convergence and divergence in response styles across the three instruments. In terms of the RNBI interscale correlations, in particular, the results suggested that premorbid positive impression management and postmorbid negative impression management are related in this type of sample. These findings add to the concurrent validity of the RNBI, suggesting that the instrument provides relevant incremental information about the type of population studied. Limitations of the study and ideas for future research were discussed. 相似文献
Wicked policy problems—those that resist resolution and continuously cycle through different administrative jurisdictions—are
time-consuming for the practitioner and expensive. In these wicked policy environs, interest group narratives contribute to
this intractability through the continued construction of a policy loser’s tale. Central to our study is the analysis of group
maturation with that of policy narrative elements. We explore whether there is a relationship between lobby tactics, financial
resources, and professionalization of authorship of narratives and policy narrative elements. We content analyze the policy
stories of the Buffalo Field Campaign (BFC) over a 10-year period (1999–2008), using the Yellowstone National Park bison and
brucellosis controversy as case material and track how this new interest group’s fundamental policy story has changed over
the course of its lifespan. As demonstrated through their choice of lobby tactics, the group does evolve from an unconventional
to a conventional interest group, with two out of three of their constructed policy beliefs remaining unchanged and their
political tactics consistently focusing on spinning the loser’s tale aimed at expanding the policy arena. Suggestions on the
importance of this work to scientists, administrators, and academics are included. 相似文献
Social Justice Research - A vast literature suggests that income inequality is a crucial precursor for numerous political outcomes. High-level income inequality can have consequences for... 相似文献
Public policy is produced by elected and unelected officials and through the interactions of branches of government. We consider how such interactions affect policy implementation and representation. We argue that legislators try to influence bureaucratic decisions through direct communication with federal agencies, and that such contact is effective and has consequences for policy outcomes. We provide empirical evidence of this argument using original data about direct communication between members of Congress and the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) along with decisions made by the DOL regarding trade and redistributive policies. We find that direct contacts influence DOL decisions, and the agency is more likely to reverse previous decisions when requested to do so by legislators. Our results challenge key assumptions and findings in the previous literature and have important implications for interbranch relations and informal means of control over the implementation of national policy. 相似文献
This article examines whether meritocracy is an effective device for legitimising socioeconomic inequality. It looks at two ways in which it could be said to do that—by allocating wealth and prestige according to merit, and by creating opportunities for those born in low income families—and concludes that the first only creates the appearance of fairness (an argument made persuasively by John Rawls) and the second is a largely unfulfilled promise. The author asks whether the low levels of social mobility in Britain and America are because they have not yet become fully-fledged meritocracies, or because they have, and considers Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray’s argument in The Bell Curve that meritocratic societies have a tendency to degenerate into genetically-based caste systems. It examines the research by Dalton Conley, Jason Fletcher and Benjamin Domingue on this point, which shows that genetic assortative mating declined over the course of the twentieth century, and tentatively concludes that Herrnstein and Murray were wrong—that flatlining social mobility is a bug, not a feature, of meritocratic societies. 相似文献
We examine the extent to which individuals' knowledge of an advanced police technology (license plate recognition or "LPR") may impact perceptions of police. Technologies with the capacity to track individuals' movements are becoming increasingly common in police practice. Although these technologies may yield positive benefits, their use may also heighten community concerns about increased surveillance, data storage, and data security, thereby potentially negatively impacting community-police relationships.
Methods
We utilize a survey-based experiment with randomized assignment of participants (n=405) to investigate the impact of individuals' knowledge of LPR use on a variety of police perceptions, including trust in police, community approval, respect for citizens, and respect for individual rights.
Results
Most respondents were unaware of LPR use prior to the survey. When compared with a control group, respondents who encountered brief mentions of LPR functions on the survey expressed significantly lower levels of trust in police. Additionally, "strong agreement" with other positive statements about police also appears to have declined in this sample in response to LPR information. Notably, the sample contained high pre-existing levels of trust and support for police, factors which may have moderated the impacts of LPR information.
Conclusions
These results support the hypothesis that awareness of LPR use may negatively impact perceptions of police, including trust in police. More generally, although technologies like LPR represent technological innovations, they may also yield unintended consequences, including the potential to undermine police-community relations if adoption decisions are not accompanied by sufficient transparency or community support.