学习"三个代表"思想 促进党校工作发展

当前,党校工作正处在一个新的发展时期,认识机遇,抓住机遇,用"三个代表"思想指导党校工作,培养一支高素质的党校教师队伍,已成当务之急.     

"三个代表":21世纪实现祖国统一的科学指南

"三个代表"重要思想,对振兴中华、早日解决台湾问题、完成祖国统一大业有着根本的指导作用必须把实现包括台湾同胞在内的中国最广大人民的根本利益,作为21世纪对台工作的根本出发点必须大力发展社会生产力、不断增强综合国力,包括加紧做好武力解放台湾的一切军事斗争准备;必须提高全民族文化素质、加强海峡两岸及国际间科技文化交流,积极争取各国人民的理解和道义支持,充分发挥民族文化在祖国统一中的整合作用.     

试论雷锋精神与党员的"先进性"

雷锋,是20世纪普通党员"先进性"的代表,他的精神并没有过时,而且,正值时代所需,弘扬在21世纪的今天.国际环境复杂,国内改革正处于攻坚阶段,每一个共产党员都应该感到任重道远.     

关于司务长教育的新规律探析

在改革开放的新形势下,实践"三个代表"对广大党员干部而言,最关键的就在于要坚持全心全意为人民服务的党的根本宗旨,做好人民公仆.     

Modeling SSI financial eligibility and simulating the effect of policy options

This article simulates eligibility for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) among the elderly, analyzes factors affecting participation, and looks at the potential effects of various options to modify financial eligibility standards for the federal SSI program. We find that in the estimated noninstitutional elderly population of 30.2 million in the United States in 1991, approximately 2 million individuals aged 65 or older were eligible for SSI (a 6.6 percent rate of eligibility). Our overall estimate of the rate of participation among eligible elderly is approximately 63 percent, suggesting that more than a third of those who are eligible do not participate in the program. The results of our analysis of factors affecting participation among the eligible elderly show that expected SSI benefits and a number of demographic and socioeconomic variables are associated with the probability of participation. We also simulate the effects of various policy options on the poverty rate, poverty gap, annual program cost, the number of participants, and the average estimated benefits among participants. The simulations consider the potential effects of five policy alternatives: Increase the general income exclusion (GIE) from $20 to $80. Increase the earned income exclusion (EIE) from $65 to $260. Increase the federal benefit rate (FBR) by $50 for individuals and $75 for couples and eliminate the GIE. Increase the asset threshold to $3,000 for individuals and $4,500 for couples. Increase the asset threshold to $6,000 for individuals and $9,000 for couples. Using 1991 microdata from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) matched to Social Security Administration administrative records and making adjustments reflecting aggregate program statistics, we present the results of our simulations for December 1999. The results show substantial variation in the simulated effects of the five policy alternatives along the various outcome dimensions considered. The simulated effects on the poverty gap of the elderly population range from a 7.9 percent reduction ("Increase the GIE from $20 to $80") to a 0.1 percent reduction ("Increase the EIE from $65 to $260"). All simulated interventions are expected to increase the rate of SSI participation among the elderly from a high of 20.3 percent ("Increase the GIE from $20 to $80") to a low of 0.5 percent ("Increase the EIE from $65 to $260"). We also find that the interventions that have greater estimated effects in terms of increased participation and reduced poverty tend to cost more. At the high end, we estimate that increasing the GIE from $20 to $80 could raise annual federal SSI cash benefit outlays by about 46 percent, compared with only 0.9 percent for increasing the EIE from $65 to $260. Similar to the EIE intervention, raising the resource thresholds by 50 percent would reduce the overall poverty gap of the elderly by only 0.2 percent, would increase SSI participation only modestly (by 1.3 percent), but would entail slightly higher program costs (by 1.4 percent). Increasing the asset threshold by 200 percent would have higher estimated effects on all three outcomes, but it would still be associated with relatively low increases in both costs and benefits. Finally, the simulated effects on the three key outcomes of increasing the FBR by $50 for individuals and $75 for couples, combined with eliminating the GIE, are relatively large but are clearly less substantial than increasing the GIE from $20 to $80. This work relies on data from the SIPP matched to administrative data on federal SSI benefits that provide a more accurate picture of SSI participation than has been feasible for previous studies. We simulate eligibility for federal SSI benefits by applying the program rules to detailed information on the characteristics of individuals and couples based on the rich array of demographic and socioeconomic data in the SIPP, particularly the comprehensive information SIPP provides on assets and monthly income. A probit model is estimated to analyze factors affecting participation among the eligible elderly. Finally, we conduct the policy simulations using altered program rules represented by the policy alternatives and predicted participation probabilities to estimate outcomes under simulated program rules. We compare those simulated outcomes to observed outcomes under current program rules. The results of our simulations are conditional on the characteristics of participants and eligibles in 1991, but they also reflect aggregate adjustments capturing substantial changes in overall participation and program benefit levels between 1991 and 1999.     

民国时期闽西村落婚丧习俗述论--以武平县北部村落为例

婚丧是个人生命周期中最重要的两个转折点.婚姻标志着两性结合并催生新的生命;丧葬则是对旧生命的总结和新生命"再生"的希望.因此,婚丧习俗最能形象地反映出村落社区的文化特质.本文试图在田野调查的基础上,以民国时期武北村落为例,对前人较少探究的闽西村落婚丧习俗作一较为全面的描述和论述.     

"诚信"教育简论

"诚信"这对于向当代学生乃至全民族进行的优秀品质教育,是实现"以德治国",从而把我国建设成为高度文明、高度民主的社会主义现代化强国,同样产生不可估量的巨大推动作用.     

大连市"十五"时期就业问题的分析与对策

"十五"期间,大连市的就业压力依然较大,就业形势不容乐观.目前只有做好劳动力供求状况的科学预测,明晰主要问题,才能从实际出发,广辟就业渠道,提出和完善缓解就业压力的对策,确保经济发展与社会稳定.     

农村村民自治的理论溯源

有学者认为,村民自治作为一种"基层群众性自治",无论是在马恩列斯著作中,还是在毛泽东全集里,均找不到它的理论源头.本文作者认为,马克思主义经典作家提出的人民自治理论和毛泽东大力发展农村民主建设的思想,为我国实行村民自治提供了重要的理论依据.同时,村民自治又是当代中国领导人根据中国国情所进行的巨大理论创新,是马克思主义人民自治理论在中国的新发展.