犯罪学的独立性与犯罪学学科的独立性——论犯罪学学科的抽象化和科学化

犯罪学与犯罪学学科是不同的两种事物,二者的独立性条件不同。犯罪学独立与否取决于社会的需要;犯罪学学科的独立与否取决于研究力度。犯罪学学科的依赖性不能够成为否定犯罪学独立的理由。犯罪学学科的独立条件有赖于进行犯罪学学科建设。哲学化和科学化是犯罪学学科建设的必经之路。     

煤炭管理体制创新研究报告

在全面建设小康社会,构建社会主义和谐社会新的历史时期,煤炭行业承担着为社会提供可靠的能源保障的艰巨任务。煤炭作为一般商品,可在市场机制下正常运行,生产价格规律能够发挥作用,同时,还要充分认识到煤炭商品生产过程的特殊性,以及由这一特殊性产生的特殊要求。     

先进文化在社会主义现代化中的功能

现代化建设是社会主义初级阶段的根本任务。现代化是以经济市场化推进传统社会向现代社会转型的过程。在社会变革中,文化发挥着一种“场效应”。先进文化可以使人们认识社会发展方向,焕发出创造潜能,整合各种矛盾。文化建设必须坚持“三个面向”,发扬科学精神,实现传统文化现代化和外来文化民族化。     

群体的心理构成与人员的优化组合

群体的心理构成是群体成员的不同个性心理特征及其相互作用形成的人员组合类型。这种类型不仅繁多 ,而且还决定了群体的功能和组织状态。为此 ,人员的优化组合应注意 :根据群体的任务和目标 ,确定人员优化组合的基本原则和标准 ;提倡和谐互补的人员组合 ;协调那些不和谐 ,但可以互补的人员组合 ;全面考虑人员调配或重新组合的效果     

邓小平行政管理思想刍议

邓小平行政管理思想要求树立效能理念,提高政府效率;树立科学理念,精简政府机构;树立民主理念,建设廉洁政府;树立法治理念,坚持依法行政;树立创新理念,推进政治体制改革.     

加快城市管理人才的培养

城市发展是现代社会一切发展的中心和摇篮 ,城市发展的决定因素是城市管理人才。目前中国此方面的人才十分匮乏 ,加快城市管理人才的培养已成为当务之急。新形势下的城市管理教育必须有精心设计的新的体制安排 ,必须关注综合性、实用性、创新性三个方面     

洗钱罪若干问题探究

洗钱犯罪作为经济犯罪的衍生物 ,伴随着经济犯罪的浪潮 ,洗钱犯罪日益成为一种较为猖獗的国际犯罪。综观各国立法 ,对洗钱罪的“上游犯罪”范围界定不一 ,因此 ,有必要从洗钱罪与赃物罪的对比中重新界定洗钱罪的范围。关于洗钱罪的主体 ,应该是一般主体 ,它包括已经实施了“上游犯罪”行为又实施了洗钱行为的“上游犯罪”行为人。     

论地方政府审批制度改革--从行政审批边界的理论视角进行探讨

地方政府审批制度改革不应是简单地取消审批制度,而是在确定行政审批合理的边界的前提下,不断进行制度创新,落实各项配套改革措施,建立科学、合理、高效、廉洁、公正、透明的地方政府审批制度.     

Voting strength in the European Parliament: The influence of national and of partisan actors

Abstract. Most decisions by the European Parliament are taken by an absolute majority of its members. Some decisions however – such as the approval of the budget of the European Union – require a two-thirds majority. The paper analyzes the a priori voting strength of the member states when their representatives vote coherently. It is shown that the increase in votes for Germany in the 1994 reallocation enhanced its position. A less favourable effect, however, can be seen for the other large members (France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Spain). However, since votes in the EP tend to be cast according to partisan rather than national affiliation, the relative voting power of the political groups with respect to the two quotas is also analyzed. The tool to measure this is the (normalized) Banzhaf power index, partially extended to account for connected coalitions. The paper demonstrates that the distribution of votes between the present EU member states as allocated in proportion to their population size indeed roughly corresponds to their a priori voting power. However, the relative influence of the largest political groups, the European Socialists and the European People's Party, tends to be overestimated by their share of seats in the framework of the simple majority rule, but it is considerable if the quota is two-thirds. Finally, under the two-thirds majority rule, the European Liberal, Democratic and Reformist Party as well as the small groups appear to be almost powerless. The more the EP gains political leverage – a further increase in its institutional powers is to be expected in the framework of the ongoing Intergovernmental Conference – the more the distribution of voting power between the member states and between the political groups will be a crucial factor in the shaping of EU policies.