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101.
Pablo Salvador-Coderch Nuno Garoupa Carlos Gómez-Ligüerre 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2009,28(3):257-287
The duty-of-care requirement cannot be used anymore as the touchstone to differentiate negligence from strict liability because
it can be found in many forms of the latter. Duty of care is smuggled into strict liability hidden under the scope of liability
requirement (traditionally called “proximate causation”). As far as the scope of liability requirement is common to negligence
and to many forms of strict liability, there is a fairly large common ground to both liability rules, and consequently the
marginal Hand formula is applied to both rules. Indeed, under a negligence rule, the marginal Hand formula is applied twice:
first to assess whether or not the defendant did breach his or her duty of care, and, second, to delimit whether or not the
defendant’s behavior was a proximate cause of the harm suffered by the victim. However, under a strict liability rule, the
Hand formula is applied only once when the proximate causation question is raised. Traditional law and economics analysis
has almost always taken the normative question raised by the causation requirement as given, which is a potential major problem
due to the importance of scope of liability or proximate causation in legal practice. Defining the scope of liability, that
is to say, the boundaries of the pool of potential defendants, is the basic legal policy decision for each and every liability
rule. In the normative model presented in this paper, the government first chooses efficient scope of liability, and given
the scope of liability, the government then decides the liability rule and damages that guarantee efficient precaution. In
the article, most known scope of liability rationales developed by both common law and civil law systems are discussed in
order to show the substantial common ground between negligence and strict liability. 相似文献
102.
Carlos M. Grilo Dwain C. Fehon Martha Walker Steve Martino 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1996,25(3):379-388
We compared clinical syndromes, expressed concerns, and personality styles of adolescent inpatients with substance use disorders (SUD; n=44) vs. without substance use disorders (non-SUD; n=61) using the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory. The two groups did not differ with regard to age, sex, ethnicity, functional severity, or the frequency of other major psychiatric disorders, and were drawn from the same overall sample population. SUD subjects showed significantly higher levels of delinquent predisposition and lower levels of anxiety. Consistent with these syndromal findings, we found that SUD subjects were characterized by higher levels of unruliness and social insensitivity and lower levels of submissiveness. Our findings suggest that, in severely disturbed adolescents who require psychiatric hospitalization, externalizing phenomena are closely associated with SUD. Our findings also suggest that internalizing problems also exist in SUD, although not at levels greater than that observed in non-SUD inpatients.Received Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Pittsburgh. Research interests include eating and weight disorders, addictive behaviors, behavioral medicine, psychological assessment, and psychiatric comorbidity.Received Psy.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Hartford. Research interests include psychological assessment, adolescent psychopathology, and psychiatric comorbidity.Received B.A. in Psychology from Swarthmore College. Research interests include perception, developmental psychopathology, and psychosis proneness.Received Ph.D. in clinical psychiatry from DePaul University. Research interests include the assessment and treatment of substance abusing psychiatric populations. 相似文献
103.
104.
Carlos de la Torre 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》1999,12(4):533-534
Note
Editors' Note 相似文献105.
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107.
A large literature has studied the trend of greaterpolarization between Democrats and Republicans in Congress.This paper empirically examines the extent to which inflationand unemployment explain cyclical movements ofpolarization over time. An informal application of thestandard Downsian spatial competition model of partiesgenerates the following relationships, ceteris paribus: (1)inflation should be associated with policy convergence, (2)unemployment should be associated with polarization, (3) theeffect of unemployment on polarization should be larger inmagnitude than the effect of inflation on convergence, and (4)the effect of unemployment on polarization should be strongerin the House than in the Senate. We estimate the relationshipbetween vote records and business cycle conditions over the1947–1999 period using a GLS model with varying lags. Ourresults are broadly consistent with these business cyclehypotheses of polarization, though greater support is found inHouse data than in Senate data. 相似文献
108.
Chronicle of a Survival Foretold: How Protest Behavior Against Armed Actors Influenced Violence in the Colombian Civil War, 1988–2005 下载免费PDF全文
Carlos Enrique Moreno León 《拉美政治与社会》2017,59(4):3-25
This article examines the circumstances under which civilians, using protests as a mechanism, alter the strategic use of violence by armed actors (rebels and state forces). By examining the civil war in Colombia between 1988 and 2005, this study finds that combatants decrease their attacks against the population when civilians protest against the enemy. Combatants interpret such demonstrations as costly signals of loyalty. Furthermore, when insurgents are the target of the protests, insurgents increase repression against civilians as rebels get stronger. In contrast, state forces (and paramilitaries) compensate for their weakness in the area by multiplying civilian victims. Both state forces and rebels, however, are likely to decrease violence against civilians when civilians protest against both parties in contested zones. In such contexts, armed actors are likely to refrain from retaliation because any violence might drive noncombatants toward the enemy. 相似文献
109.
胡安·卡洛斯·莫雷利 《拉丁美洲研究》2005,27(2):10-12
首先 ,请允许我感谢中国社会科学院国际合作局和拉丁美洲研究所 ,邀请我与尊贵的同事、学者和中国党政领导一道 ,参加这次国际学术论坛。我们十分清楚 ,无论对中拉关系在各个领域的发展 ,还是对拉美人民的福祉来说 ,召开本次论坛的倡议都具有重要意义。我们十分积极地参加这次活动 ,企望能够使人们更好地了解我们问题的所在 ,了解我们怎样一起着手解决这些问题 ,这将有助于我们为维护持久的利益 ,实现稳定、持续和长久发展的目标而努力。我谈的主题是“2 0 0 1年经济危机之后阿根廷的形势”。我国历史上规模最大的这次危机是怎样产生的 ?我… 相似文献
110.
Carlos Martin Molina Ph.D. Kristopher D. Wisniewski Ph.D. Jonathan Drake M.Sc. Alejandra Baena Ph.D. Ana Guatame M.Sc. Jamie K. Pringle Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(1):266-273
Colombian forensic investigators required assistance locating clandestine burials of missing persons related to human right atrocities from 14 years ago. Geoscientific search methods were trialled, including a predictive spatial statistical model, using various input and database information, to select the most likely grave locations in difficult mountainous terrain. Groundwork using forensic geomorphology, near-surface geophysics (ERT) and subsequent probing identified suspect burial positions. One site was in mountainous terrain and the other in former school grounds, both difficult to access and in poor weather conditions. In the mountainous area, a negative resistivity anomaly area was identified and intrusively investigated, found to be a buried rock. In school grounds, after MESP and intelligence were used to identify a burial site, surface depressions were identified, and ERT datasets collected over the highest priority depression; intrusive investigations discovered a hand-dug pit containing animal bones. This approach is suggested for Latin American searches. 相似文献