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221.
Routines, the habitual and predictable behavior patterns of an organization, play central roles in both maintaining organizational
performance and in adapting such performance to changing conditions. Deadlines interact with routines in important ways in
influencing the course of organizational adaptation. This paper examines the role of routines and deadlines in influencing
change in a regulatory program. It describes the adaptation of routines in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) water
pollution and pesticide programs in response to pressures and deadlines imposed by Congress, the courts, and the White House.
The programs analyzed offer contrasting glimpses of the effects of routines on organizational change. Routines may be collective
and shared by the members of an organization or unique to the specific groups or subgroups within it. When the organization
primarily has widely-shared routines, few options will be perceived; consequently, collective routines tend to blunt the impact
of pressures for change. On the other hand, routines that become fragmented, diverse, and individual in the face of repeated
external pressures may facilitate change. 相似文献
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223.
Kratom is an herbal product commonly used for its effects which are similar to opioids and stimulants. Few studies demonstrate the dangers and lethality of Kratom, and most fatalities from Kratom involve other abused substances. In the current case report, a 33‐year‐old white man with a known history of opioid abuse and mental illnesses was found unresponsive in his basement with no obvious signs of trauma. After resuscitative efforts, he was pronounced dead and taken for autopsy evaluation. Blood from the inferior vena cava was analyzed for common abused substances. The laboratory toxicology work‐up revealed positive findings of caffeine, cotinine, and naloxone with low levels of Δ‐9 tetrahydrocannabinol. However, a marked level of mitragynine at 1.9 mg/L was observed, the highest reported to date. Given the facts and evidence, the medical examiner certified the cause of death as “mitragynine toxicity” and the manner of death was classified as an “accident.” 相似文献
224.
Pierre Duez M.A.Sc. Todd Weller M.S. Marcus Brubaker Ph.D. Richard E. Hockensmith B.S. II Ryan Lilien M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(4):1069-1084
The transition from 2D imaging to 3D scanning in the discipline of firearms and toolmark analysis is likely to provide examiners an unprecedented view of microscopic surface topography. The digital examination of measured 3D surface topographies has been referred to as virtual microscopy (VM). The approach offers several potential advantages over traditional comparison microscopy. Like any new analytic method, VM must be validated prior to its use in a crime laboratory. This paper describes one of the first validation studies of virtual microscopy. Fifty‐six participants at fifteen laboratories used virtual microscopic tools to complete two proficiency‐style tests for cartridge case identification. All participating trained examiners correctly reported 100% of the identifications (known matches) while reporting no false positives. The VM tools also allowed examiners to annotate compared surfaces. These annotations provide insight into the types of marked utilized in comparative analysis. Overall, the results of the study demonstrate that trained examiners can successfully use virtual microscopy to conduct firearms toolmark examination and support the use of the technology in the crime laboratory. 相似文献
225.
This article identifies key features of the sociotechnical contexts of computer law and security at the times of this journal's establishment in 1985, and of its 200th Issue in 2018. The infrastructural elements of devices, communications, data and actuator technologies are considered first. Social actors as individuals, and in groups, communities, societies and polities, together with organisations and economies, are then interleaved with those technical elements. This provides a basis for appreciation of the very different challenges that confront us now in comparison with the early years of post-industrialism. 相似文献
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227.
Nigerian Police is charged with the responsibility of upholding the law and ensuring order is kept within the polity. It is however observed that the police in carrying out its functions constantly abuses the rights of the citizens which are considered as natural rights and very fundamental to every human existence. This study aims at examining the roles of the police in Nigeria and the various ways and the rights of citizens are being encroached upon by the said police. The legal standards prescribed for the operations of Nigerian police are measured against the international standards as a parameter in order to determine the weak points of the Nigerian standards. Suggestions are therefore made on how Nigerian police can be more humane in carrying out its functions. 相似文献