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251.
Marie Smyth 《Terrorism and Political Violence》2013,25(3):544-566
The process of militarization has permeated Northern Ireland society both overtly and in more subtle and pervasive ways. Since the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, reductions in state military personnel and infrastructure have been made and several acts of paramilitary decommissioning of weapons carried out. However, the political culture and discourse remains combative and bifurcated as the democratic institutions and processes struggle to achieve viability. Support for the Agreement has faltered as the raised expectations of improvements in quality of life, particularly in communities worst affected by the Troubles, have not been met. Vacuums such as the rolelessness amongst former combatants and gaps in policing have contributed to internecine conflict. As in South Africa, there has been a transition from political to criminal violence in local communities. A formal process of demobilization, demilitarization and reintegration of former paramilitary actors, combined with training in political skills would resolve some of these issues and ensure the irreversibility of the peace process itself. 相似文献
252.
在学校和监狱系统实施犯罪预防计划具有很好的效果。学校的犯罪预防就是要实施早期干预和吸毒预防教育。在监狱中实施戒毒、就业服务和社区服务计划,可以有效地遏制累犯率。 相似文献
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Latin American environmentalism: Comparative views 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Catherine Christen Selene Herculano Kathryn Hochstetler Renae Prell Marie Price J. Timmons Roberts 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1998,33(2):58-87
This article examines three common generalizations from the literature on Latin American environmentalism. The validity of
these generalizations, structured as hypotheses, is tested with four case studies from Costa Rica, Mexico, Venezuela, and
Brazil. The first generalization is that tensions arise between international environmentalists principally concerned with
wildlands conservation and national environmentalists engaged in a broader array of local and domestic issues including urban
environmental quality and access to natural resources. The second is that environmental groups in Latin America are elitist
in structure and participant base. The third is that the particular tactics employed by environmentalists will be closely
tied to the relative openness of their nation’s political system. Through a cross-disciplinary case study approach we find
the first two hypotheses quickly break down upon closer inspection, while the third is supported. We suggest a modified framework
for interpreting environmental activism in the region, one that weights the role of the state as well as the competing strategies
employed by grassroots, private voluntary, and professionalized environmental groups. Latin American environmentalism is highly
diverse, presenting many faces in different time periods and different countries. Developing one general theory of environmentalism
in Latin America is impossible, but more specific categorizations of the middle range may be achievable. 相似文献
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Abigail Tazzyman Marie Bryce Jane Ferguson Kieran Walshe Alan Boyd Tristan Price John Tredinnick‐Rowe 《Regulation & Governance》2019,13(4):593-608
In 2012, medical regulation in the United Kingdom was fundamentally changed by the introduction of revalidation – a process by which all licensed doctors are required to regularly demonstrate that they are up to date and fit to practice in their chosen field and are able to provide a good level of care. This paper examines the implications of revalidation on the structure, governance, and performance management of the medical profession, as well as how it has changed the relationships between the regulator, employer organizations, and the profession. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with clinical and non‐clinical staff from a range of healthcare organizations. Our research suggests that organizations have become intermediaries in the relationship between the General Medical Council and doctors, enacting regulatory processes on its behalf and extending regulatory surveillance and oversight at local level. Doctors’ autonomy has been reduced as they have become more accountable to and reliant on the organizations that employ them. 相似文献
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