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361.
Anne Skorkjær Binderkrantz Marie Kaldahl Nielsen Mathias Wessel Tromborg 《West European politics》2020,43(6):1315-1338
AbstractMembers of parliament are accountable to both their district and party. Consequently, they have to balance their responsiveness to these competing principals when their preferences diverge. Existing research on this representational dilemma focuses mostly on the role of political institutions, whereas this article offers a new individual-level explanation: pre-parliamentary party careers. Using sequence analysis, three ideal-typical pre-parliamentary career paths are identified: the party local, the party functionary, and the party civilian. The share of party locals increases over time at the expense of party civilians in the Danish parliament, and these party locals are more likely to diverge from the party’s position when it is unpopular among their constituents. These findings corroborate existing evidence of political professionalisation in parliamentary democracies, but they also suggest that professionalisation may be associated with a localisation of politics leading to more rather than less constituency representation. 相似文献
362.
This study provides an analysis of 640 completed suicide cases in Singapore for the years 2001 and 2002, compared to previous years and in relation to demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as to the characteristics of a subgroup of suicide victims with prior psychiatric illness. There was little change in the suicide pattern over the 2 years studied compared to previous years. The sex ratio was constant at 1.5. Population-adjusted ratios were 1 for Chinese, 0.5 for Malays, and >1 for both Indians and other ethnic groups. Falling from heights ranked first in terms of method adopted for both years. A disproportionately higher number of suicides were recorded for the 25-34 and the > or =75-year-old age groups. A total of 47 (17.2%) in 2001 and 74 (20.2%) in 2002 of the cases had a history of prior psychiatric illness, with psychotic disorders being the most common diagnostic category. There was also a statistically significant correlation between unemployment and incidence rates. Although the overall rate of elderly suicides had gone down since the 1990s, prevention strategy should focus on the elderly as this rate is still about 3-4 times the national average. 相似文献
363.
José A. Bauermeister Michelle Marie Johns Theo G. M. Sandfort Anna Eisenberg Arnold H. Grossman Anthony R. D’Augelli 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(10):1148-1163
Dating in adolescence plays an integral part in the development of sexual and social identities. This process is particularly
salient for sexual minority youth who face additional obstacles to their identity formation due to their marginalized status.
We investigated the influence of participating in a same-sex relationship (SSR) or an opposite-sex relationship (OSR) on sexual
minority youths’ psychological well-being (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety and internalized homophobia, and self-esteem)
in an ethnically-diverse sample of 350 youth (55% male) between the ages of 15–19 years, recruited from three GLBT drop-in
centers in the New York City area. Using longitudinal data, we examined youths’ SSR and OSR over time. Multivariate regression
analyses suggest that involvement in a SSR was positively associated with changes in self-esteem in males, and negatively
correlated with changes in internalized homophobia in females. We discuss the implications for positive development in sexual
minority adolescent populations. 相似文献
364.
Ann Marie Murphy Author Vitae 《Orbis》2009,53(1):65-79
Indonesia, the world's fourth largest country, third largest democracy and home to the world's largest community of Muslims, has returned to the international stage. Indonesia's membership in a number of important global communities-it resides physically in Asia but is part of the broader Muslim world, the developing world, and the community of democracies-makes it an important international actor. Many Americans assume that common democratic values will translate into shared foreign policy goals and cooperation between the United States and Indonesia. The two countries do share significant interests, such as counter terrorism, maritime security, and a wariness of China, but also hold starkly different positions on the Middle East peace process and global trade issues. Democracy provides opportunities for the two-thirds of Indonesians who hold anti-American views to influence foreign policy, making it costly for Indonesian leaders to cooperate with the United States. Indonesia's return is good news for America, but the relationship needs to be managed skillfully to maximize benefits for both sides. 相似文献
365.
Saint-Martin P Prat S Bouyssy M Sarraj S O'Byrne P 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2008,29(3):268-270
Penetrating stab wounds of the brain are uncommonly seen in modern times and occur almost exclusively in homicides. We report an unusual death by self-stabbing. A 24-year-old man was found dead at home, the handle of a kitchen knife protruding from his forehead. Data such as the psychiatric history of the victim, the multiplicity and site of wounds, the implement used, the presence of hesitation, and defense wounds were studied to elucidate the manner of death, and the suicidal nature of the event was established after police investigation. Atypical injuries require a careful forensic investigation, and medico-legal aspects of the differentiation between homicide and suicide are discussed in this particular case. A review of the literature revealed few cases of suicidal transcranial stab wounds. 相似文献
366.
Modeling the Deviant Y in Criminology: An Examination of the Assumptions of Censored Normal Regression and Potential Alternatives 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Christopher J. Sullivan Jean Marie McGloin Alex R. Piquero 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2008,24(4):399-421
Many dependent variables of criminological interest have censored distributions. Investigations that use such variables increasingly
have turned to the Tobit model, a censored regression technique that is specified based on a latent dependent variable. When
used under suitable circumstances, this model provides appropriate estimates. This paper discusses key assumptions of the
Tobit model. It then highlights the risk of violating these assumptions and reviews alternative flexible parametric and semiparametric
modeling techniques, currently used sparingly in criminology, which researchers may find helpful when assumptions regarding
the error terms are untenable. By using an empirical example focused on sentencing outcomes and comparing estimates across
analytic methods, this study illustrates the potential utility of simultaneously estimating the Tobit model along with some
alternatives.
相似文献
Christopher J. SullivanEmail: |
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‘Gender’, understood as the social construction of sex, is a key concept for feminists working at the interface of theory and policy. This article examines challenges to the concept which emerged from different groups at the UN Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, September 1995, an important arena for struggles over feminist public policies. The first half of the article explores contradictory uses of the concept in the field of gender and development. Viewpoints from some southern activist women at the NGO Forum of the Beijing Conference are presented. Some of them argued that the way ‘gender’ has been deployed in development institutions has led to a depoliticization of the term, where feminist policy ambitions are sacrificed to the imperative of ease of institutionalization. ‘Gender’ becomes a synonym for ‘women’, rather than a form of shorthand for gender difference and conflict and the project of transformation in gender relations. ‘Gender sensitivity’ can be interpreted by non-feminists as encouragement to use gender-disaggregated statistics for development planning, but without consideration of relational aspects of gender, of power and ideology, and of how patterns of subordination are reproduced. A completely different attack on ‘gender’ came from right-wing groups and was battled out over the text of the Platform for Action agreed at the official conference. Six months prior to the conference, conservative groups had tried to bracket for possible removal the term ‘gender’ in this document, out of opposition to the notion of socially constructed, and hence mutable, gender identity. Conservative views on gender as the ‘deconstruction of woman’ are discussed here. The article points out certain contradictions and inconsistencies in feminist thinking on gender which are raised by the conservative backlash attack on feminism and the term ‘gender’. 相似文献