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Patricia Wallace Ingraham Sally Coleman Selden & Donald P. Moynihan 《Public administration review》2000,60(1):54-60
What are the key challenges for the public sector at present, and what will the future public service look like if it is to meet these challenges? These questions were put to public‐sector leaders at a conference at the Wye River Plantation in June 1999. The leaders agreed on aspects of a broad vision for the future and the urgent need for a detailed debate on the transition questions that arose. 相似文献
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Doris Marie Provine 《Law & social inquiry》1998,23(4):823-856
Legal reform sometimes has unanticipated, even ironic, results. A good example is federal legislation adopted in the 1980s that was supposed to enhance equity in sentencing. Congress, like many state legislatures in this period, reduced judicial control over sentencing by adopting presumptive sentencing guidelines for all serious criminal offenses and mandatory sentences for some specific crimes. Reformers did succeed in reducing judicial discretion in the sentencing process, but racial disparities have gotten much worse. Unprecedented numbers of minorities, particularly black men, are going to jail for long terms. The situation leaves trial judges in a difficult position. They are legally bound to implement a sentencing regime that many of them believe is racially discriminatory. Herbert Jacob's work on criminal trial courts provides a framework for investigating this problem. As Jacob's organizational approach predicts, judges were initially more troubled by the diminution of their powers than by the emerging pattern of increased minority incarceration. Nevertheless, some judges have criticized the racial implications of the sentencing law, protesting in various, resourceful ways. Judicial resistance to a law on moral grounds, though rare, is significant because it represents a break in the ranks of officialdom that enhances the moral credibility of critics of the current law. 相似文献
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Marie L. Griffin Ph.D 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2006,30(2):209-226
Despite the increasingly punitive public policies of the past three decades and the concomitant ‘get tough’ rhetoric aimed
at reducing prison and jail amenities, little is known about inmates’ perceptions of punishment. Prison and jail administrators
often justify their efforts to increase the “pains of imprisonment” for incarcerated offenders on the basis of retribution
and deterrence, but these policies appear to be more symbolic than substantive in nature. Using interview data from 232 inmates
about to be released from a large county jail renown for its ‘get tough ’ policies, this study examined inmate perceptions
of their unusual conditions of confinement. Findings suggest that many of these policies were benign or even counterproductive
to the extent that they promoted a defiant response from offenders. 相似文献
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