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Nathalie Greenan Joseph Lanfranchi Yannick L'Horty Mathieu Narcy Guillaume Piern 《Public administration review》2019,79(3):370-382
The representative bureaucracy literature provides a growing body of empirical evidence that a representative public workforce enhances the efficacy and legitimacy of public services. However, little attention has been paid to the capacity of civil service competitive examinations to give equal opportunity of access to public jobs to equally competent citizens. To fill this gap, the authors use French databases to analyze whether competitive examinations comprising both written and oral tests ensure equality of treatment for all candidates regardless of gender, place of residence, or place of birth. The results challenge the capacity of these examinations to treat candidates equally, identifying inequalities in the written tests as well as evaluation biases in the oral tests. However, oral evaluation biases tend to offset inequalities in the written tests. Therefore, selection boards take a sort of affirmative action toward the sole successful members of groups suffering such inequalities. 相似文献
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Martin Mathieu Nganmeni Zéphirin Piggins Ashley Tchouante Élise F. 《Public Choice》2022,190(3-4):301-316
Public Choice - Pure-strategy Nash equilibria almost never exist in spatial majority voting games when the number of positional dimensions is at least two, as the majority core is typically empty... 相似文献
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Consultation of scientific evidence by policy actors has been the foci of attention of knowledge utilization scholars for decades. The present study questioned the extent to which randomized controlled trials (RCTs)—generally seen as the gold standard of scientific research—are known and consulted by policy analysts in ministerial settings. Using cross‐sectional data collected in 17 ministries in Québec (Canada), our study showed that fairly high levels of policy analysts report never having heard of RCTs, thus possibly hindering effective communication of scientific results to relevant policy makers. Statistical analyses reveal the importance of cognitive factors in explaining both phenomena. 相似文献
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Kintz P Villain M Vallet E Etter M Salquebre G Cirimele V 《Forensic science international》2008,176(1):87-90
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a minor metabolite of ethanol that can be detected in hair. In some specific situations, head hair can be missing, and therefore, alternative anatomical locations of hair are of interest. In this study, paired hair specimens (head hair and pubic hair) from eight social drinkers were analyzed for EtG. Each sample was decontaminated by two dichloromethane bathes (5 ml) for 2 min. After cutting into small pieces, about 50 mg of hair was incubated in 2 ml water in the presence of 10 ng of EtG-d5, used as internal standard and submitted to ultra-sonication for 2 h. The aqueous phase was extracted by SPE using Oasis MAX columns. The hair extract was separated on an ACQUITY BEH HILIC column using a gradient of acetonitrile and formate buffer. Detection was based on two daughter ions: transitions m/z 221-85 and 75 and m/z 226-75 for EtG and the IS, respectively. This laboratory is using a positive cut-off at 50 pg/mg. All eight head hair specimens were negative for EtG at a limit of quantitation fixed at 10 pg/mg. Surprisingly, EtG was identified at high concentrations in pubic hair, in the range 12-1370 pg/mg. It appears, therefore, that it is not possible to document the drinking status of a subject by simply switching from head hair to pubic hair. 相似文献
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A combined analysis of microcrystalline tests followed by LC-MS or GC-MS analysis is described. Microcrystalline tests are shown to be non-destructive as addition products formed were easily dissociated after the application of an appropriate solvent. Subsequent analysis of the sample was done to quantify the recovery of the drug. Examples were performed using the date rape drug γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and the synthetic opioid methadone. 相似文献
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Mathieu Turgeon 《Political Behavior》2009,31(3):353-378
The role of public opinion polls in electoral democracy is undeniable because, for good or for bad, they affect, in part,
the kinds of laws and policies elected officials enact. But the voices measured in polls are not perfectly representative
of their populations of interest. More precisely, polls generally sing with a more “knowledgeable” accent than those they
represent because of the greater tendency of the less knowledgeable to remain silent. This distortion, however, can be palliated
by providing conditions more propitious to attitude development. By relying on survey-experiments conducted in Brazil and
in the U.S., I present evidence that inducing people to think more carefully before answering attitude questions reduces substantially
the likelihood of the less knowledgeable, which compose most of the Brazilian and American populations, to express a nonopinion
response. Thus providing people with greater opportunity to think about politics—something most of them do not do very frequently—makes
for more representative measures of public opinion. But the analyses also suggest that increased thought induces greater uncertainty
or ambivalence among the most knowledgeable. As a whole, this paper improves our understanding on how people come to develop political attitudes and on the conditions that lead to greater attitude uncertainty or ambivalence.
It also carries important lessons and implications for survey design more generally.
相似文献
Mathieu TurgeonEmail: |
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Governmentality and the War on Terror: FBI Project Carnivore and the Diffusion of Disciplinary Power
Social control capabilities have increased significantly over the past several decades, particularly because of an increased utilization of technologically advanced surveillance methods. Following the tragic events of September 11,2001, U.S. Congress and the present Administration have granted law enforcement considerable new powers in the enforcement and prevention of terrorism-related crime. Collectively labeled under the heading of the so-called war on terror , the scope of such laws, policies and directives are challenged by civil rights organizations and numerous legislators for lack of definitional precision, arbitrary application of sanctions, and violation of privacy laws. One of federal law enforcements surveillance tools is Project Carnivore, a Justice Department Internet surveillance program that is administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to access information flowing to and from a central processing unit on a network connection. While, theoretically relying on Michel Foucaults theory of discipline and governmentality, as well as related insights in the social control literature, this paper examines Project Carnivore relative to the larger context of state rationality and related privacy issues. 相似文献
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Mathieu?d'AcremontEmail author Martial?Van?der?Linden 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2005,34(5):427-435
Impulsivity is central to several psychopathological states in adolescence. However, there is little consensus concerning
the definition of impulsivity and its core dimensions. In response to this lack of consensus, Whiteside and Lynam (2001, Pers. Individ. Differ. 30, 669–689) have developed the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, which is able to distinguish 4 dimensions of impulsivity
in adults: Urgency, lack of Premeditation, lack of Perseverance, and Sensation seeking. The question arises of whether these
4 dimensions also exist in adolescents and also of whether gender differences can be observed. A sample of teenagers (314
girls and 314 boys) completed a French version of the scale (Van der Linden et al., Eur. J. Psychol. Assess., 2005). Based on exploratory and confirmatory analyses, the 4-factor model is replicated in girls, boys, and the whole sample.
Concerning gender differences, girls have a higher score for Urgency and boys a higher score for Sensation seeking. Overall,
this study suggests that the UPPS is a promising tool for studying impulsivity in adolescence.
Assistant, Child and Adolescent Psychology Unit, University of Geneva, Switzerland, PhD in preparation: Impulsivity, cognitive
biases, cognitive deficits, and antisocial behavior in adolescence.
Received PhD in 1988 from the University of Liège, Belgium. Major research topics are cognitive biases and cognitive deficits
in psychopathology, impulsivity and executive functions, memory deficits in amnesia and Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive
rehabilitation in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
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An Unusual Case of Death Probably Triggered by the Association of Buprenorphine at Therapeutic Dose with Ethanol and Benzodiazepines and with Very Low Norbuprenorphine Level 下载免费PDF全文
Guillaume Bardy Pharm.D. Ph.D. Philippe Cathala M.D. Pharm.D. Céline Eiden Pharm.D. Ph.D. Eric Baccino M.D. Ph.D. Pierre Petit M.D. Ph.D. Olivier Mathieu Pharm.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(Z1):S269-S271
Buprenorphine is largely prescribed for maintenance treatment in opioid dependence due to its safety profile. Nevertheless, fatalities at therapeutic dose have been described when associated with other central nervous system depressants, such as ethanol or benzodiazepines. Here, we report a case of death due to association of buprenorphine at therapeutic dose with benzodiazepines and ethanol. Although toxicity has been often attributed to its metabolite norbuprenorphine rather than to buprenorphine itself, in our case, norbuprenorphine was not detected in urine and bile and only in traces in blood. Moreover, the presence in blood of free buprenorphine but not of glucuronide metabolites argues for an unusual early death, at the beginning of buprenorphine metabolism. We propose that in the context of prior toxic impregnation, buprenorphine directly (and not via its metabolite norbuprenorphine) acted as a triggering factor by blocking the ventilatory response, rapidly leading to fatal respiratory depression. 相似文献