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171.
Dennis M. Daley 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2013,36(8):1579-1600
This study surveys recruitment and selection practices, focusing upon North Carolina municipal governments. Sources and methods of recruitment, qualifications tested for, and criteria and screening methods used are examined. In addition, the effect of city and organizational size as well as that of governmental structure on these personnel practices are studied. In general, the use of personnel practices is linked to both increased municipal population and the number of public employees. Certain basic techniques (e.g. local advertisement of vacancies, the use of training and education as selection criteria, reference checks, background investigations, and pre-employment interviews) are widespread. However, other personnel techniques associated with objective recruitment and selection (e.g., special recruitment requests to minority, women's, and professional organizations and formal tests) have but limited use. The comparison of job duties with candidate skills along with the use of standard questions as guides for interviews while receiving moderate use merit more. Clearly, there are a number of techniques that only begin to be used extensively when cities exceed a certain threshold (10,000+ population; 100+ employees). The presence of a city manager (in council-manager municipalities) or a town administrator (in mayor-council municipalities) also appears to foster a more professional approach to personnel management. Throughout this study the presence of a town administrator increased the usage of individual techniques; in a number of instances two-, three-, and even four-fold increases are noted. 相似文献
172.
This article evaluates the development of militant Islamic threats in Southeast Asia from the early 1990s onwards and its security implications for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The analysis contends that the extent of extremist Islamic infiltration of the region was obscured by governmental rhetoric, along with much Western opinion, which argued erroneously that ASEAN was following a unique developmental path based on shared regional values that had resulted in economic growth and political stability. However, by ignoring underlying religiously motivated tensions within and among its membership, and by refusing to countenance mature debate about them within their societies, ASEAN has succeeded only in incubating its potential nemesis. 相似文献
173.
Abstract THIS PAPER aims to establish a framework from which we can explain our dissatisfaction with defining what we teach and what and how we assess within legal education. To what extent can we, the professions or the public, have confidence that our assessment processes predict effective professional competence? We will try to establish this framework by placing the discussion in the context of a workshop of assessment of oral skills run at the 2001 Bar Vocational Course conference. The workshop raised issues which we believe encapsulate the difficulties of measuring performance in such a way that it reliably predicts professional effectiveness. From this we will attempt to highlight the shortcomings of the current teaching, learning and assessment strategies more generally. We go on to consider the role of student reflection in support of summative assessment: is it a reliable way of helping to plug the competence‐performance gap we have identified? What is its role in summative assessment? What demands does it make on tutor and learner? Since we cannot guarantee to find the best solutions first time, we make a plea for taking the risk of failure as well as success, and trying out ideas. 相似文献
174.
175.
Ge Lin Ph.D. ; Gregory Elmes Ph.D. ; Mike Walnoha M.A. ; Xiannian Chen M.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(1):152-158
Abstract: This article examines the potential of a spatial-temporal method for analysis of forensic shoeprint data. The large volume of shoeprint evidence recovered at crime scenes results in varied success in matching a print to a known shoe type and subsequently linking sets of matched prints to suspected offenders. Unlike DNA and fingerprint data, a major challenge is to reduce the uncertainty in linking sets of matched shoeprints to a suspected serial offender. Shoeprint data for 2004 were imported from the Greater London Metropolitan Area Bigfoot database into a geographic information system, and a spatial-temporal algorithm developed for this project. The results show that by using distance and time constraints interactively, the number of candidate shoeprints that can implicate one or few suspects can be substantially reduced. It concludes that the use of space-time and other ancillary information within a geographic information system can be quite helpful for forensic investigation. 相似文献
176.
This paper offers an economic rationale for compulsory licensing of needed medicines in developing countries. The patent system is based on a trade-off between the "deadweight losses" caused by market power and the incentive to innovate created by increased profits from monopoly pricing during the period of the patent. However, markets for essential medicines under patent in developing countries with high income inequality are characterized by highly convex demand curves, producing large deadweight losses relative to potential profits when monopoly firms exercise profit-maximizing pricing strategies. As a result, these markets are systematically ill-suited to exclusive marketing rights, a problem which can be corrected through compulsory licensing. Open licenses that permit any qualified firm to supply the market on the same terms, such as may be available under licenses of right or essential facility legal standards, can be used to mitigate the negative effects of government-granted patents, thereby increasing overall social welfare. 相似文献
177.
Ian Howard Dennis 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2009,3(1):29-49
The article reviews recent developments in England in the law of necessity as a defence to crime and calls for its further
extension. It argues that the defence of necessity presents the criminal law with difficult questions of competing values
and the ordering of harms. English law has taken a nuanced position on the respective roles of the courts and the legislature
in the ordering of harms, although the development of the law has been pragmatic rather than coherently theorised. The law
has granted necessity some scope as an exculpatory principle in the law of general defences, but it has also respected the
primacy of the legislature as the legitimate arbiter of many of the competitions of value that necessity throws up. The recognition
of necessity has not been in the form of a single unified defence of that name. Rather it has taken the form of a number of
defences, based on a principle of necessity, but with different nomenclature and different rationales. This approach to necessity
is defended as right in terms of principle and policy. Any further development of necessity as a general defence should be
restricted to two contexts, namely those of emergencies, and of conflicts of duty, where a danger of death or serious injury
is present.
相似文献
Ian Howard DennisEmail: |
178.
Dennis Y. Wang Chien-Wei Chang Nicola J. Oldroyd Lori K. Hennessy 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):113-114
Forensic databasing laboratories routinely analyze blood or buccal cell samples deposited on FTA® paper. Prior to PCR amplification of the STRs, the FTA® samples must undergo multi-step sample purification protocols to remove the PCR inhibitors present within the sample and from the FTA® paper. The multi-step sample purification protocols are laborious, time-consuming and increase the potential for sample cross-contamination.To eliminate the need for DNA purification, we conducted studies to optimize the PCR buffer and thermal cycling parameters to allow for direct amplification of STRs from blood or buccal samples on FTA® paper. We evaluated the effect of various factors on the DNA profile including: FTA® disc size, blood sample load variation, and buffer formulation. The new STR assay enables the direct amplification of DNA from single source samples on FTA® discs without sample purification. The new STR assay improves the workflow by eliminating tedious steps and minimizing sample handling. Furthermore, the new STR assay reduces cost by eliminating the need for purification reagents and expensive robots. 相似文献
179.
This paper summarizes the broad foundations of the changing nature of parenthood by examining trends in coresidence with children under age 15. Our study uses data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS) to provide a portrait of demographic parenthood in the US over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In describing changes in parenthood over the past 110 years, we distinguish between those living with own children and those living with other children. We focus in particular on changes in gender patterns of coresidential parenthood and changes in the likelihood that divorced men and women live with children. We also examine the impact of the baby boom on parenting. Our findings support a recasting of ongoing discussions of the parental roles of American men and women by shifting the historical demographic focus from biological transitions to the social aspects of parenting. 相似文献
180.