Community, demographic, familial, and personal risk factors of childhood depressive symptoms were examined from an ecological
theoretical approach using hierarchical linear modeling. Individual-level data were collected from an ethnically diverse (73%
African-American) community sample of 197 children and their parents; community-level data were obtained from the U.S. Census
regarding rates of community poverty and unemployment in participants’ neighborhoods. Results indicated that high rates of
community poverty and unemployment, children’s depressive attributional style, and low levels of self-perceived competence
predict children’s depressive symptoms, even after accounting for demographic and familial risk factors, such as parental
education and negative parenting behaviors. The effect of negative parenting behaviors on depressive symptoms was partially
mediated by personal variables like children’s self-perceived competence. Recommendations for future research, intervention
and prevention programs are discussed.
Danielle H. DallaireEmail:
Dr. Danielle H. Dallaire
is an Assistant Professor in the Psychology Department at The College of William and Mary. She received her Ph.D. from Temple
University in 2003. Her major research interests include children’s social and emotional development and promoting resiliency
in children and families in high risk environments, particularly children and families dealing with parental incarceration.
Dr. David A. Cole
is a Professor in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. He received his Ph.D. from
The University of Houston in 1983. His major research interests center around developmental psychopathology in general and
childhood depression in particular.
Dr. Thomas M. Smith
is an Assistant Professor of Public Policy and Education at Vanderbilt University, Peabody College. He received his Ph.D.
in 2000 from The Pennsylvania State University. Professor Smith’s current research agenda focuses on the organization of teaching
quality, exploring relationships between educational policy (national, state, district, and school level), school organization,
teacher commitment, and the quality of classroom instruction.
Dr. Jeffrey A. Ciesla
is an Assistant Professor in the Psychology Department at Kent State University. He received his Ph.D. from The State University
of New York at Buffalo in 2004. His major research interests include the effects of ruminative thought and stressful life
events on depressive disorders.
Beth LaGrange,
M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University.
Her current research interests include depression and the development of depressive cognitive style in children and adolescents.
Dr. Farrah M. Jacquez
is a Postdoctoral fellow in pediatric psychology at the Mailman Center for Child Development at the University of Miami.
She received her Ph.D. from Vanderbilt University in 2006. Her major research interests include parenting in the context of
poverty and developing community-based interventions for underserved children and families.
Ashley Q. Pineda,
M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University
and is currently completing her internship at the Children’s Hospital at Stanford University. Her major research interests
include examining the reciprocal relations between parenting behaviors, depressive cognitions, and childhood depression.
Alanna E. Truss,
M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. Her major research
and clinical interests include developmental factors in internalizing disorders in children and adolescents and the effects
of trauma on children and families.
Amy S. Folmer
is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. She received her B.A.
from The University of Texas in 2003. Her major research interests include cognitive developmental factors that influence
the applicability of adult cognitive models of depression to children. 相似文献
We review the theoretical literature on the concept of institutions and its relationship to national development, propose
a definition of the concept, and advance six hypotheses about institutional adequacy and contributions to national development.
We then present results of a comparative empirical study of existing institutions in three Latin American countries and examine
their organizational similarities and differences. Employing the qualitative comparative method (QCA) proposed by Ragin, we
then test the six hypotheses. Results converge in showing the importance of meritocracy, immunity to corruption, absence of
“islands of power,” and proactivity in producing effective institutions. Findings strongly support Peter Evans’ theory of
developmental apparatuses.
Lori D. SmithEmail:
Alejandro Portes
is the Howard Harrison and Gabrielle Snyder Beck Professor of Sociology and director of the Center for Migration and Development
at Princeton University. His current research is on the adaptation process of the immigrant second generation and the rise
of transnational immigrant communities in the United States. His most recent books, co-authored with Rubén G. Rumbaut, are
Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation and Ethnicities: Children of Immigrants in America (California 2001).
Lori D. Smith
is a Ph.D. candidate in sociology at Princeton University. Her research interests include international development, organizations,
and political and economic sociology. 相似文献
In recent times, issues surrounding change have become increasingly important in the study of political analysis. This is especially true within strains of new institutionalism such as historical institutionalism and the 'Varieties of Capitalism' approach. However, although this has led to a sensitising towards the temporal dimension, the spatial dimension has been relatively ignored. This is arguably problematic, as a fuller understanding of space and the spatiality of social and political relations would lead to more coherent and accurate analyses of political phenomena that currently characterise historical institutionalism. Indeed at an ontological level, drawing on work within the natural sciences and geography, it is impossible to talk of time without reference to spatiality and of space without reference to temporality. This short article reviews some of the more prominent historical institutionalist literature that deals with change and renders explicit the problematic conceptualisation of space, and consequently time, which underpins their analyses. Drawing on Massey and Sayer, it proceeds to outline briefly a relational conception of space and the difference that space makes to political analyses. 相似文献
Journalists were alarmed when, in 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied shield-law protection to Don Yaeger, an investigative reporter for Sports Illustrated, in a libel suit by fired football coach Mike Price. Yaeger is a journalist, and Alabama's shield law offers absolute protection even when a journalist is a party to a case. The court's decision turned on the fact that Alabama's seventy-three-year-old statute does not include the word “magazine.” This article shows that this hole in the “covered medium” language of Alabama's statute is not uncommon among the nation's thirty-six shield laws and that the Eleventh Circuit's strict reading of the statute's text is not at odds with current trends in statutory interpretation. Those two facts, combined with the rise of the Internet as an important vehicle for journalism, suggest the time is ripe to scrutinize and modernize shield laws, some of which have been on the books for more than a century. 相似文献
High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of large panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provides an alternative or complimentary approach to short tandem repeats (STRs) panels for the analysis of complex DNA mixture forensic samples. For STRs, methods to estimate individual contribution concentrations compare capillary electrophoresis peak heights, peak areas, or HTS allele read counts within a mixture. This article introduces three approaches (mean, median, and slope methods) for estimating individual DNA contributions to forensic mixtures for HTS/massively parallel sequencing (MPS) SNP panels. For SNPs, the major:minor allele ratios or counts, unique to each contributor, were compared to estimate contributor proportion within the mixture using the mean, median, and slope intercept for these alleles. The estimates for these three methods were typically within 5% of planned experimental contributions for defined mixtures. 相似文献
Corpus linguistics is becoming a respected method of statutory and constitutional interpretation in the United States over the past decade, yet it has also generated a backlash from a group of scholars that engage in empirical work. This essay attempts to demonstrate both the contributions and the risks of using linguistic corpora as a primary tool in legal interpretation. Its legitimacy stems from the fact that courts routinely state that statutory terms, when not defined as a matter of law, are to be given their ordinary meaning. Judges have responded to this challenge, with the assistance of the linguistics community, by using corpora to determine which meanings are ordinary. However, legal analysts have not determined exactly what makes one meaning ordinary and another not ordinary. This gap has led to a level of disagreement in the field. Moreover, while linguists who engage in corpus linguistic analysis typically emphasize the importance of context, the legal application is peculiarly context-free, in keeping with legal philosophies that eschew reliance on reference to a law’s purpose and the intent of the legislature that enacted it. This move adds a political dimension to corpus analysis as a means of legal interpretation. Yet, the article concludes that by relying on a blend of general and specialized corpora, the legal system can substantially reduce the problem of contextualization, as some linguists and practitioners have already recognized.