Rehabilitating Retributivism

This review essay of Victor Tadros’s new book, “The Ends of Harm: The Moral Foundations of Criminal Law,” responds to Tadros’s energetic and sophisticated attacks on retributivist justifications for criminal punishment. I argue, in a nutshell, that those attacks fail. In defending retributivism, however, I also sketch original views on two questions that retributivism must address but that many or most retributivists have skated past. First, what do wrongdoers deserve – to suffer? to be punished? something else? Second, what does it mean for them to deserve it? That is, what is the normative force or significance of valid desert claims, either with respect to retributivist desert in particular or with respect to all forms of desert? Because the answers that this essay offers are preliminary, the essay also serves as a partial blueprint for further work by criminal law theorists with retributivist sympathies.     

Devolution and party change: Candidate selection for the 1999 Scottish parliament and Welsh assembly elections

The article analyses the candidate selection procedures of each of the major parties in the run‐up to the 1999 Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly elections, assessing the extent to which they reveal developments in party democratisation and decentralisation on the one hand, and evidence of countervailing central control on the other. Procedural innovations achieved greater openness in candidate nomination and gender balance in candidatures but developments in democratisation were contested and evidence of decentralisation was mixed. Surveys of candidates reveal a perception in the Labour Party that there was too much central influence, although its implications differed in Scotland and Wales. There were perceptions of unfairness and lack of internal democracy in the other parties as well, suggesting in particular a contradiction between central influence in all of the parties’ approaches to list selection and candidates’ expectations of such influence diminishing. Devolution, therefore, released tensions in all parties.     

Oran Young and international institutions

Current understandings of global environmental governance owe much to the numerous theoretical, empirical, and methodological contributions of Oran Young. Over the course of 50 years, Young has created many of the theories and typologies we use to explain why international environmental institutions form and what types of effects they have and the conditions under which they have them. His contributions have been central to the development of the concepts of institutional dynamics, interplay, and scale. He has made major contributions to environmental policy globally and in the Arctic, both through his own work and by fostering the work of other scholars. This article summarizes the contributions Young has made to the field and introduces the articles in this special issue that honor those contributions.     

Sisterhood is local: The rise of feminist journals in Southeast Asia

Abstract

Whether as central members in their own households, as workers in the formal or informal economy, as political figures or as performers and artists, Southeast Asian women have contributed and continue to contribute to the economic, social, and artistic development of their societies. Yet it is only recently that we have begun to look at their lives separately from—yet vital to our understanding of—those societies and their histories. Over the past twenty years publications about Southeast Asian women have grown both in number and scope. Since 1991, the University of Wisconsin-Madison has added some six hundred new titles about Southeast Asian women to its collection—double the number it acquired in the years 1981 to 1985 and thirty percent more than in the previous five-year period (1986–1990). More impressive than the sheer number of publications is the scope of issues being addressed. Many topics such as prostitution, domestic abuse, or women factory workers were inconceivable just ten years ago. But the most notable and positive change over the past twenty years has been the growth of publishing by the women of Southeast Asia. Women's publishing, especially feminist publishing, is best illustrated by the rise of feminist periodicals and newsletters that serve to unite women. The myriad of voices found in these periodicals are those of women who speak different languages and who come from vastly different economic backgrounds. We talk about the emerging global village, but these periodicals demonstrate that sisterhood may indeed be more local than global.     

Inequality,discrimination, and service delivery: A recapitulation for the public administrator

The equitable provision of urban public services has begun to receive increased attention from researchers, administrators, and the courts. Recent research has questioned the view that minority and low-income groups are systematically deprived in the distribution of public services, e.g. police and fire services, libraries, street quality and maintenance, and parks and recreational facilities. This paper reviews empirical studies in urban service distribution and judicial responses to municipal service claims. The research reveals that discimination in service delivery does exist. However, it is difficult to determine empirically in larger cities if a consistent pattern of discrimination exists and whether or not it bears a significant relationship to race or class. Discrimination and inequality on the basis of race has been subject to meticulous judicial prowess benefitting at one time or another the citizen and the municipality. The courts are requiring overwhelming statistical documentation to substantiate racial discrimination in the provision of urban public services.     

Motivating the uninvolved worker: some conceptual and empirical observations

This paper focuses on the issue of whether less involved workers are affected by conventional management practices such as group involvement, merit pay, and participative management. The findings suggest that while these management practices have some influence on the performance of uninvolved employees, that uninvolved employees are behaviorally distinct from more actively involved workers. As a consequence, it may be prudent for managers in the public sector to develop management practices and approaches specifically designed to stimulate low involvement employees.     

Appendix I: Glossary

All the First Minister's Men: The Truth Behind Holyrood. By D. Black. Edinburgh: Birlinn 2001. Pp.237, £7.99. ISBN 1841581674.

New Scotland, New Politics. By A. Brown, J. Curtice and L. Paterson. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2001. Pp.206, £14.99 ISBN 1902930258.

The Scottish Electorate. By A. Brown and D. McCrone. Basingstoke: Macmillan 1999. Pp.200, £17.99 (paper) ISBN 0333725263; £47.50 (cloth) ISBN 0333725255.

Politics and Society in Scotland. By A. Brown, A.D. McCrone and L. Paterson. Basingstoke: Macmillan 1998. Pp.288, £15.50, ISBN 0333747089.

The Scottish Nation, 1700–2000. By T. Devine. London: Allen Lane 1999. Pp.720, £9.99, ISBN 0140230041.

Scotland's Shame? Bigotry and Sectarianism in Modern Scotland. Edited by T. Devine. Edinburgh: Mainstream 2000. Pp.240, £9.99, ISBN 1840183306.

The Road to Home Rule: Images of Scotland's Cause. By C. Harvie and P. Jones. Edinburgh: Polygon 2000. Pp.224, £11.99 ISBN 190293010X.

Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture. By J. Hearn. Edinburgh: Polygon 2000. Pp.233, £16.99, ISBN 1902930169.

Scottish Politics in the Twentieth Century. By I.G.C. Hutchison. Basingstoke: Palgrave 2001. Pp.208, £14.50 (paper) ISBN 0333588754; £45 (cloth) ISBN 0333588746.

Scottish Government and Politics. By P. Lynch. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2001. Pp.248, £14.95, ISBN 0748612874.

After Britain: New Labour and the Return of Scotland. By T. Nairn. London: Granta 2000. Pp.336, £8.99, ISBN 1862073228.

Crisis in the Classroom. By L. Paterson. Edinburgh: Mainstream 2000. Pp.192, £7.99, ISBN 1840184205.

Scotland Reclaimed: The Inside Story of Scotland's First Democratic Parliamentary Elections. By M. Richie. Edinburgh: Saltire Society 2000. Pp.224, £10.99, ISBN 0854110771.

An Important Matter of Principle. By D. Seawright. Dartmouth: Ashgate 1999. Pp.236, £47.50, ISBN 1840140666.

Imagine: A Socialist Vision for the 21st Century By T. Sheridan and A. McCombes. Edinburgh: Rebel Inc. 2000. Pp.272, £7.99, ISBN 1841950564.

Open Scotland? Journalists, Spin Doctors and Lobbyists. By P. Schlesinger. Edinburgh: Polygon 2001. Pp.318, £15.99, ISBN 1902930282.

The Scottish Parliament. By B. Taylor. Edinburgh: Polygon 1999. Pp.266, £12.99, ISBN 1902930126.

Year Zero: An Inside View of the Scottish Parliament. By M. Watson. Edinburgh: Polygon 2001. Pp.221, £12.99, ISBN 1902930266.

Scotland: The Challenge of Devolution. Edited by A. Wright. Dartmouth: Ashgate 2000. Pp.282, £42.50, ISBN 0754612546.     

Enhancing and Measuring Organizational Capacity: Assessing the Results of the U.S. Department of Justice Rural Pilot Program Evaluation

A significant goal of public administrators in this era of shrinking public funds has been to find ways to enhance and measure organizational capacity and sustainability with minimal outlays of resources. One attempt to address this goal was the Rural Pilot Program, funded by the Office of Violence Against Women in the U.S. Department of Justice. Based on the evaluation of the program, this article (1) describes how capacity was measured, (2) discusses the validation and utility of a self‐administered instrument, and (3) examines whether and to what extent organizational capacity is enhanced by an intermediary funding model. Modest positive changes were found in two areas—organizational staffing and information technology—but no changes were found in other areas. The article concludes with recommendations for designing future programs to enhance capacity and sustainability and for public administrators and grant makers in utilizing self‐administered capacity instruments.