Psychological adjustment in a college-level program of marked academic acceleration

The questionnaire responses of 24 markedly accelerated young students were compared with those of 24 regular-aged university students, 23 National Merit Scholars, and 27 students who had qualified for acceleration but instead elected to participate in high school. Measures included the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, California Psychological Inventory, the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. Accelerated students differed minimally from the college-aged groups, and not at all from high-ability age mates, on all of the measures, a finding contrary to the expectation that skipping high school is likely to be deleterious to one's adjustment. Both groups of normal-aged college students were more socially assertive. The accelerated students were less conforming and conventional than the others, but mean differences were small and not indicative of admustment difficulties. The study provides no basis for concern about the typical psychological and social adjustment of accelerated students.The research reported here and, in part, the program it describes, were funded by a grant from the William H. Donner Foundation, the support of which is gratefully acknowledged.Received Ph.D. from Standford University. Research interests include the development of gifted and mentally retarded individuals.Received Ph.D. from Ohio State University. Research interests include psychosocial aspects of talent development.     

Substance use by hispanic and white non-hispanic pregnant adolescents: A preliminary survey

White non-Hispanic and Hispanic adolescents aged 17 years and under n= 81) who delivered in San Jose, California area hospitals during a 6-week period were interviewed within 24 hours concerning their use of cigarettes, marijuana, and alcohol during pregnancy, and a number of background, social support, and psychosocial factors. Before 12–16 weeks of pregnancy, each of the substances studied was used by over 50% of this population, with 53% smoking cigarettes, 51% smoking marijuana, and 58% consuming beer or wine. Most substance use ceased after 12–16 weeks of pregnancy. There were no significant differences between ethnic groups in substance use. Multiple regression analyses showed that cigarette smoking decreased when social support was provided by the adolescent's partner and it was higher if parents smoked and/or used alcohol p<.001. Parental substance use, combined with lack of social support, was also associated significantly with marijuana use p<.001, explaining 30% of the variance. Use of birth control prior to pregnancy was related to beer and wine consumption p<.05, explaining 16% of the variance. Active inclusion of members of the adolescent's support network in pregnancy care, and initiative by educators and clinicians in discussing substance use, may accelerate its cessation. Ethnicityrelated behavior change strategies may be of little relevance to adolescent substance use during pregnancy.This study was funded by grant no. MCR-060466-01-0 from the Maternal and Child Health and Crippled Children's Services Research Program, Bureau of Health Care Delivery and Assistance, DHHS, to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine. The first author is supported by a fellowship from the Pew Memorial Trust.Received Ph.D. from Stanford University. Main interest is adolescent pregnancy and health of Latino populations.Received M.D. and Ph.D. from the University of Kansas. Main interest is perinatology.     

WORKPLACE PRIVACY — FRANCE: ELECTRONIC WORKPLACE PRIVACY IN FRANCE

Electronic workplace privacy has emerged as a legal issue in France, coinciding with growth in the use of Internet, including its most popular feature, electronic mail, in the working environment. The article explores French policy towards the issue and where matters stand at present.     

Evidence for hypnotically refreshed testimony

The evidence for differences in recall accuracy for hypnotized vs. nonhypnotized eyewitnesses in forensically relevant settings was examined through a meta-analytic review of 24 research studies. Recall accuracy for nonleading questions after a 1- to 2-day delay favored the hypnotized subjects (d=.46); however, less accurate recall was evidenced for hypnotized subjects following a delay of less tan 24 hours (d=?.29) or a one-week delay (d=?.24). The recall of hypnotized subjects also displayed more intrusion of uncued errors and higher levels of pseudomemory. Hypnotized subjects also expressed higher levels of confidence in recall accuracy compared to nonhypnotized subjects. Caution is urged regarding use of hypnotically refreshed memory.