New policy on methadone maintenance treatment in prisons established in Alberta

The right of a prisoner to access methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) while incarcerated in a correctional institution has recently been raised and examined in the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench case of Milton Cardinal v The Director of the Edmonton Remand Centre and the Director of the Fort Saskatchewan Correctional Centre. This is a significant, precedent-setting case. For the first time, a Canadian court has ordered that a prisoner be provided with MMT during his or her period of incarceration. As a result of the case, and just before it was to proceed to trial, Alberta changed its policy and is now providing MMT to its provincial prisoners--at least when they had been receiving MMT prior to their incarceration.     

Self-esteem and delinquency

Cross-lagged panel correlation technique is used to examine whether self-esteem has a greater effect on delinquency than delinquency has on self-esteem. Analysis of a nationwide study of tenth-grade boys shows that self-esteem is the more powerful causal factor, even when initial levels of delinquency are held constant. This result, however, is found to be stronger in the lower class than in the upper class. These data are interpreted as lending greater support to Kaplan's theory of the self-enhancing nature of delinquent behavior than to the idea of reflected appraisals.The research reported in this article was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH27747), which is gratefully acknowledged. The data and tabulations utilized in this article were made available (in part) by the Institute for Social Research Social Science Archive. The data were originally collected by Dr. Jerald G. Bachman, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan. Neither the original collector of the data nor the archive bears any responsibility for the analyses or interpretations presented here.This article is a revised version of a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society, Philadelphia, April 2, 1978.Received her Ph.D. from the University of Maryland and is interested particularly in the social influence on the self-concept.Received his Ph.D. from Columbia University and is interested in the structure and development of the self-concept.Received her Ph.D. from Stanford University. Current research interests are related to a longitudinal study of personality development.     

Asset protection and staying in control: wealth planning with Swiss insurance

Trusts continue to play an important role in asset protectionplanning. But annuities and life insurance, and in particularSwiss annuities, are a viable alternative in many cases. Furthermore,the combination of both structures, in most cases can resultin benefits that go beyond that of a pure trust structure ora sole annuity. The mechanics of these advantages are examinedin this article.     

The Court-martial of Corporal Payne and Others and the Future Landscape of International Criminal Justice

The court-martial of Corporal Payne and others involved thefirst charges brought under the International Criminal Court(ICC) Act in the United Kingdom, and led to the first Britishsoldier ever to be convicted for a war crime under internationallaw. But the significance of the case extends far beyond itsnational implications; it represents an important illustrationof the national-level accountability heralded by the ICC regime.This article critically examines the court-martial of CorporalPayne and others, and uses this analysis as the basis of a broaderexploration of the contrast between domestic courts-martialand international courts as fora for trying international crimes.The final part of the article explores the potential significanceof that dichotomy for the future landscape of internationalcriminal justice.     

Student privacy rights involving strip searches

The Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution provides protection of all citizens against unreasonable search and seizure. The US Supreme Court has affirmed that the basic purpose of the Fourth Amendment is to safeguard the privacy and security of individuals against unreasonable intrusive searches by governmental officials. Since students possess constitutional rights and public school officials are considered governmental officials for Fourth Amendment purposes, privacy protection is afforded students in public schools within reasonable limits. A reasonable search is one that clearly does not violate the constitutional rights of students. What is reasonable, however, depends on the context within which a search occurs. Strip searches involving students in public schools are the most intrusive form of all searches. Extreme caution should be exercised by school officials regarding these types of searches.