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471.
Research shows that eyewitnesses often become more confident with their selections from a lineup over time, a problem labeled "confidence inflation." Wells et al. (1998) Law and Human Behavior, 22, 603-647 suggested that eyewitnesses provide a confidence statement immediately following their selection to capture an unadulterated measure of confidence. Three experiments tested the effectiveness of introducing such a statement to combat the effects of confidence inflation on mock-juror judgments. All experiments provided evidence that the attributions participants formed about the eyewitness' confidence inflation differentially impacted their judgments. Although mock-jurors generally discredited eyewitnesses who showed confidence inflation and sometimes lowered probability of guilt ratings for the defendant, a clear exception occurred when mock-jurors attributed the inflation to an epiphany. Use of post-identification confidence statements to decrease the impact of confidence inflation in the courtroom may be insufficient. 相似文献
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Neil Cooper 《冲突、安全与发展》2006,6(3):315-335
The contemporary securitisation of underdevelopment is based on the myth of mutual vulnerability—the idea that underdevelopment and state failure pose diverse threats both to the developed world and the poor in the developing world. The mutual vulnerability thesis provides the rationale for an attempt to expand the range of both military and regulatory interventions inside the developing world. The promise of these interventions is of a synthesis between security for the developed world and solidarism with the poor. The reality is a form of chimeric governance which purports to protect the rich from a range of imagined threats and which masks an unwillingness to really address the problems of the poor.
One illusion has been shattered on 11 September: that we can have the good life of the West irrespective of the state of the rest of the world…. Once chaos and strife have got a grip on a region or a country trouble will soon be exported. Out of such regions and countries come humanitarian tragedies, centres for trafficking in weapons, drugs and people, havens for criminal organisations, and sanctuaries for terrorists…. The dragon's teeth are planted in the fertile soil of wrongs unrighted, of disputes left to fester for years, of failed states, of poverty and deprivation.1 相似文献
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Agg KM Craddock AF Bos R Francis PS Lewis SW Barnett NW 《Journal of forensic sciences》2006,51(5):1080-1084
A rapid method for screening drug seizure samples for 3,6-diacetylmorphine (heroin), which consists of a simple hydrolysis procedure and flow-injection analysis with two chemiluminescence reagents, is described. Before hydrolysis, 3,6-diacetylmorphine evokes an intense response with a tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) reagent (prepared by dissolving the perchlorate salt in acetonitrile), and a relatively weak chemiluminescence response with a second reagent: potassium permanganate in an aqueous acidic polyphosphate solution. However, the permanganate reagent is extremely sensitive toward the hydrolysis products of 3,6-diacetylmorphine (i.e., 6-monoacetylmorphine and morphine). Some compounds commonly found in drug laboratories may cause false positives with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III), but do not produce the markedly increased response with the permanganate reagent after the hydrolysis procedure. The combination of these two tests therefore provides an effective presumptive test for the presence of 3,6-diacetylmorphine, which we have verified with 14 samples obtained from a forensic science laboratory. 相似文献
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Neil Martin 《The Modern law review》2006,69(2):242-249
This analysis considers the judgement of the European Court of Human Rights in Bubbins v United Kingdom. 1 1 App No. 50196/99, judgement of 17 March, 2005. For a case commentary on the admissibility decision made on November 27, 2003 see [2004] EHRLR 214.
In this case the Court examined the shooting by the police of an unarmed individual. The Court had to address two issues. Firstly, did the act of shooting the individual, and the conduct of the police operation which culminated in the shooting, amount to a breach of Art.2? Secondly, in this situation, was the compensatory system in place in the UK sufficient to meet the requirements of Art.13? This case reveals something of the relationship between Art.2 and Art.13, and is relevant to analysis of the parasitic nature of Art.13. 相似文献
In this case the Court examined the shooting by the police of an unarmed individual. The Court had to address two issues. Firstly, did the act of shooting the individual, and the conduct of the police operation which culminated in the shooting, amount to a breach of Art.2? Secondly, in this situation, was the compensatory system in place in the UK sufficient to meet the requirements of Art.13? This case reveals something of the relationship between Art.2 and Art.13, and is relevant to analysis of the parasitic nature of Art.13. 相似文献
479.
The present essay seeks to review state of the art literature in the field of European Union (EU) policy-making and governance. In studying the nature of governance in the contemporary Union disciplinary parsimony is of limited utility. Increasingly, disparate disciplines employ different models in order to describe, explain, and hopefully understand the nature of governance and policy-making in the EU. To arrive at 'one' model for studying the EU implies both disciplinary formalism and the fruition of an intellectual 'endgame'. Alternative 'views' of EU governance – in the form of disparate models – are presented and critiqued. The essay begins with an assessment of policy networks, garbage can models, advocacy coalitions and epistemic communities. It sets out the main components of each model; then goes on to critique each model, and finally, makes a considered conclusion on the utility of each model as a tool for understanding the EU's policy process. 相似文献
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