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Neil Foster 《发展研究杂志》2013,49(6):1056-1074
Abstract The relationship between openness and growth remains a controversial issue in development economics with many studies focusing on the export–growth relationship. This paper examines whether the relationship between exports and growth found in large cross-section studies also holds in the context of African economies. The paper employs threshold regression techniques to examine whether African countries benefit more from exports when they reach a certain level of development or openness. Our results suggest that there is indeed a positive relationship between exports and growth in Africa. The threshold regression analysis also suggests that it is not necessary for a country to reach a certain level of development or to have an existing export base for this relationship to hold, though it is found that the relationship is stronger for countries that experience higher rates of export growth. 相似文献
224.
Neil A. Abrams 《后苏联事务》2013,29(6):491-513
AbstractIt has become convention in recent years to treat the building of institutions as the centerpiece of successful economic reform. The case of Estonia challenges this view. Although effective economic institutions eventually arose, Estonia began its transition bereft of the institutions that supposedly serve as the requisites of robust achievement. The institutions only emerged after an ideologically driven core of leaders implemented policies that laid the groundwork. In particular, the imposition of hard budget constraints sidelined political capitalists opposed to the rule of law by severing them from the state subsidies, soft loans, and other privileges on which they thrive. In the absence of a powerful class of political capitalists, Estonian governments were free to forge and continually improve a collection of institutions that sets the country apart among its postcommunist peers. Good institutions are desirable but not necessary for policy reform, and they are better seen as auspicious knock-on effects than as prime movers. 相似文献
225.
Neil Collins 《Local Government Studies》2013,39(2):87-91
The Politics of Poverty, D. Donnison, Martin Robertson, 1982, pp.239, £3.50 paperback, £9.95 hardback. Images of Welfare, P. Golding and S. Middleton, Martin Robertson, 1982, pp.296, £5.95 paperback, £16.50 hardback. The Politics of Poverty, S. MacGregor, Longman, 1981, pp.193, £2.95 paperback. Policy and Action‐Essays on the Implementation of Public Policy, edited by Susan Barrett and Colin Fudge, Methuen, 1981, pp.308, £7.95 paperback, £15.00 hardback. Inside the Treasury, Joel Barnett, Andre Deutsch, 1982, pp.220, £8.95. Ombudsman—Onwards Man, Pat Cook, BKT Publications, 1982, pp.155, £6.95. British Dogmatism and French Pragmatism, Douglas E. Ashford, Allen and Unwin, 1982, pp.406+xvii, £27.50. The Politics of Mass Housing in Britain 1945–1975, Patrick Dunleavy, Clarendon Press, 1981, pp.447, £17.50. Economic Policy‐Making by Local Authorities in Britain and Western Germany, Nevile Johnson and Allan Cochrane, George Allen &; Unwin, London, 1981, pp.182, £15.00. 相似文献
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Why does the relationship between a government and its citizens deteriorate to violence? Large-N cross-national quantitative analyses of human rights violations have found an inverse relationship between democracy and violations. These analyses, however, have not been able to address the central finding of an influential subnational analysis of democracy that stresses the importance of a single dimension of democracy, social capital. In this article we combine these two streams of research with fresh data from the Mexican states to investigate how and why democracy inhibits violations. Theoretically, we connect a policy interest in protecting human rights to politicians' office-seeking goals and to the level of social capital. Empirically, our data allow us to disentangle two principal components of democracy, elections and social capital, and include important control variables, notably ethnic diversity, which have been largely left out of the cross-national analyses. Our central finding is that the electoral components rather than social capital produce important consequences for the protection of citizens' human rights. 相似文献
229.
Neil Robinson 《Political Studies Review》2003,1(2):149-166
This review looks at the failure of Russia to consolidate democracy over the past decade. Most explanations of this failure concentrate on the role of institutions, particularly the influence of the presidency. The design of Russian democracy has undermined democratic governance and lessened the chance of democratic consolidation in the future by weakening two preconditions for democratic maturity in Russia, the development of a common legal and political space through the improvement of the federal system and the construction of a national market economy. The review concludes by asking whether, and in what dimensions, Russia's partial democratic system can be stable. 相似文献
230.
Neil Walker 《The Modern law review》2002,65(3):317-359
Constitutional discourse has perhaps never been more popular, nor more comprehensively challenged than it is today. The development of new constitutional settlements and languages at state and post-state level has to be balanced against the deepening of a formidable range of sceptical attitudes. These include the claim that constitutionalism remains too state-centered, overstates its capacity to shape political community, exhibits an inherent normative bias against social developments associated with the politics of difference, provides a language easily susceptible to ideological manipulation and, that, consequent upon these challenges, it increasingly represents a fractured and debased conceptual currency. A rehabilitated language of constitutionalism would meet these challenges through a version of constitutional pluralism. Constitutional pluralism recognises that in the post-Westphalian world there exists a range of different constitutional sites and processes configured in a heterarchical rather than a hierarchical pattern, and seeks to develop a number of empirical indices and normative criteria which allow us to understand this emerging configuration and assess the legitimacy of its development. 相似文献