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751.
Barbara Johnson 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》1977,20(1):152-173
Abstract. This paper looks at some aspects of extended Canadian maritime jurisdiction. It explores the development and acceptance of the concept of the 200-mile economic zone at the United Nations Third Law of the Sea Conference. It considers the relationship between the multilateral negotiations on the 200-mile economic zone, and the 1977 200-mile fishing zone introduced by the Canadian government unilaterally, and concludes that extensive control over resource and non-resource issues will be extended over a 200-mile zone, but in a fragmented and piecemeal fashion. New political relationships and institutions will emerge in the zone of extended coastal jurisdiction. As well, new areas of conflict, both intra-national and international, will emerge. The political problems the Canadian government will face, such as allocating an expanded national fishery between its inshore and offshore sectors, are suggested. Finally, administrative and political structures that could help to ensure the good government of the new zone are described. This might include a House of Commons Standing Committee on Ocean Affairs, to provide an integrated rather than the present fragmented perspective on ocean matters; and provisions to provide representation for environmental and consumer groups as well as for existing special interest groups such as those connected with the oil and fishing industries. Sommaire. Cet article analyse quelques aspects de l'extension de la juridiction maritime du Canada. L'auteur y examine le développement du concept de la zone économique de deux cent milles marins à la Troisième Conférence du droit de la mer des Nations Unies. Il établit la relation entre les négotiations multilatérales de la zone économique de 200 milles et celles de la zone de pěche de 200 milles établie unilatéralement par le gouvernement du Canada en 1977. Il conclut qu'un contrǒle dans le domaine des ressources physiques, comme dans d'autres domaines, sera étendu à une zone dépassant 200 milles mais d'une manière partielle et progressive. De nouvelles relations politiques et institutions seront établies dans la zone soumise à la juridiction étendue. On peut également s'attendre à de nouveaux conflits domestiques et intemationaux. On mentionne des problèmes politiques qui se poseront au gouvernement canadien comme le partage entre les secteurs de pěche cǒtière et de pěche en haut mer. Enfin les structures administratives et politiques qui pourraient assurer un gouvernement efficace dans la nouvelle zone y sont décrites. Elles pourraient inclure une commission pennanente de la Chambre des Communes sur les affaires maritimes qui traiterait des problèmes maritimes dans une perspective intégrée au lieu de le faire, comme aujourd'hui, d'une façon fragmentaire. Il serait aussi nécessaire que soient représentés les groupes d'environementalistes et de consommateurs ainsi que ceux qui s'occupent, à l'heure actuelle, du pétrole et des industries de la pěche. 相似文献
752.
Judges are under pressure both to combat crime with longer prison sentences and to increase the use of sentencing options which permit use of a graduated system of dispositions which can be used to rehabilitate offenders. The judges are faced with overcrowded prisons and a general lack of the community programs recommended by many professional organizations and scholars. It is recommended here that judges take an active role in encouraging the development of community-based alternatives such as local work release. This study found that a male judge is a more effective communicator than a bailiff and that he could cause a change in attitude toward work release in a sample of citizens. Thus, judges can anticipate some degree of success if they choose to participate in efforts to develop community support for sentencing alternatives. 相似文献
753.
How can the Hispanic community in Utah strengthen its active engagement in government? Interviews by the authors with key government and community‐based organization representatives offer evidence on (1) who is being engaged in the Hispanic community, (2) what are the barriers to engagement, and (3) which modes of engagement are likely to be effective and under what conditions. Findings indicate that only a small elite in the Hispanic community is currently involved. Even for the elite, engagement is fairly superficial. Historical patterns characterize the Hispanic community limited interaction. The peculiar nature of Utah government also reduces their participation. Pragmatic lessons are drawn to enhance substantially improved partnerships, build comprehensive action plans, and strengthen government commitment to civic inclusion that transcend Utah and apply to diverse minority communities everywhere. 相似文献
754.
Hypertension is a growing medical concern in the United States. With the number of Americans suffering from hypertension increasing, the use of antihypertensives such as beta-blockers is increasing as well. In fact, three beta-blockers - atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol - were among the 200 most prescribed medications in the United States in 2003. Pilots that successfully manage their hypertension can remain certified to fly. The Federal Aviation Administration currently designates approximately 8% of active pilots as \"hypertensive with medication\". The Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) performs toxicological evaluation on victims of fatal aviation accidents. At CAMI beta-blockers are analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. We have, however, recently developed a liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS) method for the simultaneous quantitation of three commonly prescribed beta-blockers, atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol. One advantage of our LC/MS method is the specificity provided by an ion trap MS. Utilizing an ion trap MS, we were able to conduct MS/MS and MS/MS/MS on each analyte. This method also eliminates the time-consuming and costly derivitization step necessary during GC/MS analysis. Additionally, by utilizing this novel method, any concerns about beta-blocker metabolite and/or sample matrix interference are eliminated. The limits of detection for this method ranged from 0.39 to 0.78 ng/mL and the linear dynamic range was generally 1.6-3200 ng/mL. The extraction efficiencies for each analyte ranged from 58% to 82%. This method was successfully applied to postmortem fluid and tissue specimens obtained from victims of three separate aviation accidents. 相似文献
755.
T S Bal D R Gutteridge A A Hiscutt B Johnson I Oxley 《Journal - Forensic Science Society》1988,28(3):185-190
This paper presents the analysis of the commonly-abused alkyl nitrites by capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It includes the procedure for the preparation of the relevant alkyl nitrites which can be used as a source of reference compounds. The retention index data and the eight most intense peaks in the mass spectra of iso-butyl, iso-pentyl(amyl) and some closely-related nitrites are given. 相似文献
756.
The Russian government saw the 2008 global financial crisis as both a repudiation of western neoliberalism and as an ideal opportunity to promote its own international economic leadership. Russia's alternative vision encompasses multipolarity, financial nationalism and political illiberalism. These policies are symbiotic. The state uses its control over financial flows to build and maintain political and economic power at home as well as to project its influence abroad, all justified with a strong dose of great power nationalism positioning Russia as the Eurasian pole in an emerging multipolar world order. However, the Kremlin is doomed to frustration in its quest to assert international economic leadership. The Russian government has the ability to shake up the existing international order but lacks the credibility, stability, or economic clout to lead the creation of a new one. This has troubling implications for the future of international economic cooperation and reform, as Russia's frustrations have increasingly turned it in reactive and confrontational directions. 相似文献
757.
Facial cues are consequential for voters’ behavior at the polls. Yet the facial cues that are associated with vote choice remain under-examined. We predicted that vote choice judgments rely, in part, on the sex typicality of facial cues (i.e., the degree of facial masculinity and femininity) that vary as a function of candidate gender and partisan identification. Stimuli included image pairs of winners and runners-up in the elections for the 111th U.S. House of Representatives. In Study 1, we found that female Republican candidates who appeared relatively more feminine and male Republican candidates who looked relatively less masculine in their appearance were more likely to win their election. Democratic candidates’ electoral success was not related to their sex typicality. In Study 2, we found that relatively masculine-appearing Democrats and feminine-appearing Republicans were more likely to be selected in a hypothetical vote choice task. Implications for U.S. partisan politics are discussed. 相似文献
758.
Carla Adkison‐Johnson Jeffrey Terpstra Jamie Burgos E. Dorphine Payne 《Family Court Review》2016,54(2):203-220
Child rearing methods used in African American homes have been the subject of much commentary among social scientists, child welfare, and legal personnel. Much of the deliberation has centered on firm disciplinary techniques used by African American mothers. However, few studies have included the perspectives of African American fathers. This study investigated the differences between African American mothers' and fathers' responses in relation to child misbehavior. Several significant differences were found with mothers utilizing more intense disciplinary methods than African American fathers. Results of this investigation underscored the importance of obtaining the viewpoints of African American fathers as well as mothers in understanding parenting in African American homes. 相似文献
759.
760.
Loch K. Johnson 《Intelligence & National Security》2013,28(6):899-913
One of the most controversial uses of intelligence by the United States is covert action – secret efforts to change the course of history by intervening secretly into the affairs of other nations or factions. In 1975, the Church Committee held hearings on this subject – a rarity – and four expert witnesses laid out for the panel their recommendations for changes in the conduct of covert action. This dip into the intelligence archives by Intelligence and National Security reveals that much has changed in the world of covert action since 1975, with some of the witness recommendations coming to fruition and others widely ignored. 相似文献