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131.
Tim Kaye 《Education & the Law》1999,11(4):253-266
It was one of the major planks of the Blair government's legislative programme that it would set a limit on school class sizes for the youngest children. While the objective of reducing class sizes no doubt has much to recommend it from the point of view of raising educational standards, it is also inevitable that parental choice of school, already emasculated, will be limited even further. It is particularly likely to be borne out in practice wherever governing bodies and head teachers are insufficiently aware of the ramifications of all the other rules and regulations enacted alongside the ‘30 pupil’ limit. Nevertheless, it will be argued in this article that, if head teachers and governing bodies are prepared to persevere with the small print of the Act and the extraordinarily convoluted regulations and departmental Codes of Practice, circulars and guidance issued along with it, then there is a case for saying that the new infant class size limit can—when coupled with other changes in the law introduced by the School Standards and Framework Act (SSFA) 1998—sometimes be used as a tool both to increase the devolution of power down to individual schools and to improve parental choice 相似文献
132.
Tim Bale 《英国政治学与国际关系杂志》1999,1(2):192-204
This paper critiques the largely incommensurate approaches taken both by historians and political scientists to the governmental past of the British Labour Party. It argues that revisionist historians, in flight from the traditional left critique of parliamentary socialism, are in danger of damaging their capacity to produce general explanations, while political scientists (who specialise in the latter) have tended to preserve an outdated version of Labour's past that supports their greater interest in its present and future. Both approaches dovetail with the political strategy of the Party's current leadership, but do little to contribute to what could be a profitable breaking-down of the barriers between the two disciplines in this area. 相似文献
133.
Tim Prenzler 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》1997,56(4):47-56
Recent commissions of inquiry and the growth of police studies in Australia have popularised the idea of a 'police culture'. A stereotyped image has developed of police sexism, racism, secrecy, anti-intellectualism, brutality, corruption, biased law enforcement and politicisation. The alleged 'police culture' is at odds with every fundamental ethical principle of public service. In its simplified version the concept is becoming discredited as excessively unitary and deterministic. Nonetheless, the term has utility when seen in the context of the general idea of occupational cultures and of specific elements of an organisation's traditions and task environment which generate counter-productive and unethical practices. The concept also assists in focusing on managing organisational change to facilitate integrity and effective service provision. 相似文献
134.
135.
Voting on Low-Skill Immigration under Different Pension Regimes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Depending on the design of the domestic pension system and thetype of immigrants, voters will decide differently onimmigration policy. In this paper, we investigate the votingoutcome of three groups of heterogeneous voters (skilledworkers, unskilled workers, and retirees) under Beveridgian orBismarckian pension systems which are either of the fixedcontribution rate or the fixed replacement ratio type. We findthat while the use of a Beveridge or Bismarck system does notchange the results qualitatively, the fixed contribution ratevs. fixed replacement ratio distinction leads to substantialchanges in the optimal choices of different groups. 相似文献
136.
137.
Laninga-Wijnen Lydia van den Berg Yvonne H. M. Mainhard Tim Cillessen Antonius H. N. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2021,50(8):1582-1600
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Although prior research has indicated that peer norms for aggression enhance the spread of aggression in classrooms, it is unclear to date how these norms relate... 相似文献
138.
Curt Schuerman B.S. Tim Kalafut Ph.D. Clint Buchanan Ph.D. Joel Sutton M.S.F.S. Jo-Anne Bright Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(4):1072-1084
The reporting of a likelihood ratio (LR) calculated from probabilistic genotyping software has become more popular since 2015 and has allowed for the use of more complex mixtures at court. The meaning of “inconclusive” LRs and how to communicate the significance of low LRs at court is now important. We present a method here using the distribution of LRs obtained from nondonors. The nondonor distribution is useful for examining calibration and discrimination for profiles that have produced LRs less than about 104. In this paper, a range of mixed DNA profiles of varying quantity were constructed and the LR distribution considering the minor contributor for a number of nondonors was compared to the expectation given a calibrated system. It is demonstrated that conditioning genotypes should be used where reasonable given the background information to decrease the rate of nondonor LRs above 1. In all 17 cases examined, the LR for the minor donor was higher than the nondonor LRs, and in 12 of the 17 cases, the 99.9 percentile of the nondonor distribution was lower when appropriate conditioning information was used. The output of the tool is a graph that can show the position of the LR for the person of interest set against the nondonor LR distribution. This may assist communication between scientists and the court. 相似文献
139.
140.
Public pensions and return migration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tim Krieger 《Public Choice》2008,134(3-4):163-178
In a median-voter framework with pensions and immigration we show that only few unskilled immigrants are allowed into the country because the unskilled native median voter is concerned with negative effects on his or her wage, but not with the positive effects to other groups in society. When return migration is allowed for, the median voter is more willing to accept immigration because he or she can shift some of the burden to future generations. 相似文献