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151.
Bradley T. Brick Terrance J. Taylor Finn-Aage Esbensen 《Journal of criminal justice》2009,37(5):488-495
Citizens' attitudes toward police have been examined in a variety of contexts during the past several decades. Additionally, the importance of juveniles' attitudes towards the police has received considerable attention during the past decade. The current article examines attitudes toward police from a large, multi-site study of sixth to ninth grade youths. Three specific questions were examined: (1) What is the influence of police contact (generally and by different types of contact) on juvenile attitudes toward the police? (2) How does involvement in delinquent subcultures affect these attitudes? (3) How do community contexts and ties influence juvenile attitudes toward the police? Results suggested that community ties and involvement in delinquent subcultures substantially mediate the influence of police contact on juveniles' attitudes toward the police. 相似文献
152.
Hlako Choma Pat Mabaso 《美中法律评论》2009,6(12):1-11
One has freedom of religion, not freedom from religion. This claim is common, but it rests on a misunderstanding of what real freedom of religion entails. The most important thing to remember is that freedom of religion, if it is going to apply to everyone, also requires freedom from religion. Why is that? One does not truly have the freedom to practice one's religious belief if one is not also required to adhere to any of the religious beliefs or rules of other religious. Freedom from religion does not mean, as some mistakenly seem to claim, being free from seeing religion in society. No one has the right not to see churches, religious expression, and other examples of religious belief in the nation, and those who advocate freedom of religion do not claim otherwise. What freedom from religion does mean, however, is the freedom from rules and dogmas of other people's religious beliefs so that people can be free to follow the demands of their own conscience, whether they take a religious form or not. Thus they have both freedom of religion and freedom from religion because they are two sides of the same coin. 相似文献
153.
Flack WF Caron ML Leinen SJ Breitenbach KG Barber AM Brown EN Gilbert CT Harchak TF Hendricks MM Rector CE Schatten HT Stein HC 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2008,23(9):1177-1196
The "red zone" usually refers to the first few weeks of the first semester at college, when female students are believed to be at greatest risk for experiencing unwanted sex. We tested this notion using data from a survey study of 207 first-and second-year students (121 women, 84 men) at a small, liberal arts university. Results demonstrated only one significant elevation in incidence rates of first- and second-year women's unwanted sexual experiences (sexual touching, attempted and completed anal, oral, and vaginal sex), between the end of the first month and fall break (mid-October) during the second year at school. Previous research and local information about the relevant behaviors of sorority and fraternity members is discussed in light of these findings to provide heuristic material for further empirical testing. Because risk may involve both temporal and situational factors, systematic collection and dissemination of local data are recommended. 相似文献
154.
Human security in post-war societies depends on incentives to forego violence in local interactions. The government of Cambodia
monitors domestic violence, land conflicts and serious crime in over 13,000 villages and urban neighbourhoods. We use three
annual data collections to estimate the response of these conflicts to the legacy of the war, poverty and resource competition,
urbanity as well as governance quality. Bayesian spatial regressions help identify socio-economic thresholds beyond which
conflicts expand or contract significantly. We find numerous non-linearities in the propensities for violence. Notably, predicted
rates decrease in response to quality of governance only at a high level of service provision, which, realistically, most
communities may not soon achieve. This may justify dedicated programmes addressing particular types of conflicts. We propose
alternative analytic approaches, including some that would make the problem of endogeneity more tractable once updated poverty
estimates become available.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
Aldo BeniniEmail: |
155.
Lindsay WR Hogue TE Taylor JL Steptoe L Mooney P O'Brien G Johnston S Smith AH 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2008,52(1):90-111
In mainstream offender samples, several risk assessments have been evaluated for predictive validity. This study extends this work to male offenders with intellectual disabilities. Participants from high-, medium-, and low-security settings, as well as community settings, were compared on a range of risk assessments. The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, HCR-20-Historical Scale, the Risk Matrix 2000-C (combined risk), and the Emotional Problems Scales-Internalising discriminated between groups, with participants from high security having higher scores than those in medium security, who had higher scores than those in the community. The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, all HCR-20 scales, the Short Dynamic Risk Scale, and the Emotional Problems Scales (Internalising and Externalising) showed significant areas under the curve for the prediction of violence. The Static-99 showed a significant area under the curve for the prediction of sexual incidents. The discussion reviews the value of these various scales to intellectual disability services. 相似文献
156.
The pathological findings of drowning are variable and non-specific. Petechial hemorrhages involving the periorbital region and the conjunctiva have been described in many causes of death, but are thought to be exceedingly uncommon in cases of drowning. However, such studies have not specifically addressed the pediatric population. The current study retrospectively examined 79 cases of accidental pediatric drowning for the presence of periorbital/conjunctival hemorrhages and analyzed factors that may have affected their presence. Ten victims had periorbital/conjunctival petechial hemorrhages (13%), with five having periorbital petechiae, three having conjunctival petechiae, and two having both periorbital and conjunctival petechiae. The age and gender of the victim, site of drowning, resuscitation history and the presence of other pathological findings were not significantly associated with the presence of periorbital/conjunctival petechiae. However, as the interval between the drowning episode and autopsy increased, the incidence of periorbital/conjunctival petechiae decreased (28% for <24h; 7% for >24h). The presence of periorbital/conjunctival hemorrhages in a significant proportion of pediatric drowning victims confirms that the pathologist must add this finding to the spectrum of changes seen in pediatric drowning. 相似文献
157.
Pat Thane 《Women's history review》2020,29(4):748-758
ABSTRACT Places the first women lawyers in the context of the experiences of women in other professions in Britain as their access gradually grew, also within the wider history of women and women’s movements, including for the vote, in the time period covered by these articles. It examines the challenges women faced in all professions and in the wider world, especially of sexist discrimination, and how they themselves challenged them, increasingly with professional support from women lawyers. It assesses the changes they achieved and failed to achieve, and the obstacles. 相似文献
158.
Sally E. Andrews Graham Roberts Pat Set Fiona Warburton Fiona J. Gilbert 《Journal of forensic sciences》2022,67(1):229-242
Population differences in dental development between Black and White ethnic groups have been debated but not previously studied in the UK. Using inappropriate data for dental age estimation (DAE) could lead to erroneous results and injustice. Data were collected from dental panoramic radiographs of 5590 subjects aged 6–24 years in a teaching hospital archive. Demirjian stages were determined for left-sided teeth and third molars and data collected regarding hypodontia and third molar agenesis. Third molar development in self-assigned Black British, including other self-assigned Black ethnicity, was compared with that of self-assigned White British subjects. Data were compared for males and females in the two ethnic groups using T-tests for Demirjian Stages A–G of third molar development and Mann-Whitney tests for Stage H once a cut-off age at the maximum age for Stage G had been imposed. Third molar development occurred earlier in subjects of Black ancestry compared to those of White ancestry. While both ethnic groups showed large age ranges for every third molar stage, in female subjects these generally occurred at least 1.5 years earlier, and in males at least one year earlier. Hypodontia and third molar agenesis were more prevalent in White British, but the ethnic difference in third molar development persisted in subjects with complete dentitions. This is a large study that confirms ethnic differences in a London population, emphasises the difficulties of establishing the 18-year-old threshold using DAE, and confirms the risk of overestimating the age of individuals of Black ethnicity using White ethnic reference data. 相似文献
159.
Sandra Taylor 《澳大利亚女权主义者研究》1990,5(12):127-128
Bronwyn Davies, Frogs and Snails and Feminist Tales. Preschool Children and Gender (Allen and Unwin) Sydney, 1989; E. Deidre Pribram (ed.), Female Spectators. Looking at Film and Television (Verso) London/New York, 1988; Derek Longhurst (ed.), Gender, Genre and Narrative Pleasure (Unwin Hyman) London, 1989. 相似文献
160.
Ian Taylor 《Crime, Law and Social Change》1998,30(4):333-346
My objectives in this paper are to try and identify the range of challenges that now confront critical criminologists who
work in, and are attentive to, the “new Europe” whose construction was so clearly signalled by the Maastricht Treaty (the
Treaty on European Union) of 1993. I want to concentrate here on two issues — firstly, the challenge of situating the work
of criminology in relation to the process of political union (and enlargement) of the European Union, and, secondly, the articulation
of an agenda of work for critical criminology, that derives, from an understanding of this broader context.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献