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521.
Despite the significant level of cultural diversity that exists in contemporary Europe as a consequence of immigration and diaspora, state policies on multiculturalism in several countries have not kept pace with the complex and dynamic processes created by these pluralising social forces and realities. This has given rise to exclusionary contexts that have led to feelings of alienation by immigrant communities. In Britain, the violent street confrontations in Bradford in 2001 and the London bombings of 2005 both epitomised, as well as were outcomes of, the British nation state’s failure to foster dialogue and a sense of inclusion among these communities. Foregrounding the extent of the grievances and frustrations prevalent in British society, these social disturbances have also contributed to renewed debates on issues of national identity, belonging, and multiculturalism. More importantly, these clashes, involving mostly the second-generation British Asian Muslim community, have brought to the fore the dissonance between assumptions of belonging underlying “state multiculturalism”, which moves to fix and stabilise identities, and those that inform the complex processes of identification and constructions of the “third space” of belonging by racialised minority communities. Focusing on Britain, this paper’s central hypothesis is that official multiculturalism has failed to take into account the fluid and heterogeneous frames in and through which second-generation British Asians ground their cultural and political identities and demands. As many of the nation states in Europe are today, like Britain, multiethnic in composition with expanding Asian communities, how successfully or not Britain modifies its integration policies with respect to the presence of minorities of immigrant origin has enormous implications not only for Europe but also for Asia and Asia–Europe relations. 相似文献
522.
Aurora Dumitra M.F.S. Anna Guzowski B.S. Alynka Jean B.S. Melvin Shaw M.F.S. Grace Warmbier B.S. Patricia Zippo B.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(2):468-474
Advances in robotic handwriting technology create new challenges for forensic document examiners. In the past, devices such as the autopen were used to replicate signatures of government officials and corporate companies. In today's technology, companies such as Bond utilize robots to create written documents, which mimic natural patterns of handwriting. They generate customizable written samples by simulating pen movements and letter formations. Four forensic document examiners were given various reproduced questioned documents and utilized a modified ACE‐V (analysis, comparison, evaluation, verification) methodology to determine their genuineness. Examiners were able to make a distinction between the human writing samples and the skilled robotic equivalents. Several distinct features that are not seen in natural handwriting, such as even pen pressure and the superimposition of letterforms were observed in the robotic samples. Careful examination of identifying features of the Bond produced documents resulted in an opinion of nongenuineness. 相似文献
523.
Daniel P. Mears Eric A. Stewart Patricia Y. Warren Miltonette O. Craig Ashley N. Arnio 《Law & society review》2019,53(2):487-517
This article examines the legacy of lynchings on contemporary whites' views of blacks as criminal threats. To this end, it draws on prior literature on racial animus to demonstrate the sustained influence of lynching on contemporary America. We hypothesize that one long‐standing legacy of lynchings is its influence in shaping views about blacks as criminals and, in particular, as a group that poses a criminal threat to whites. In addition, we hypothesize that this effect will be greater among whites who live in areas in America where socioeconomic disadvantage and political conservatism are greater. Results of multilevel analyses of lynching and survey data on whites' views toward blacks support the hypotheses. In turn, they underscore the salience of understanding historical forces, including the legacy of lynchings that influence contemporary views of blacks, criminals, and punishment policies. 相似文献
524.
Developing and Testing a Soil Property Database for Forensic Applications in Southern California 下载免费PDF全文
Patricia R. Menchaca M.S. Robert C. Graham Ph.D. Theodore Younglove M.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(4):1043-1052
The research sought to develop and test a forensic database of surface soil variability within previously mapped geologic and soil units in southern California. This type of database could be used to link suspects to crime scenes or determine source locations of soil sample evidence. Variability was evaluated using (i) color, (ii) magnetic susceptibility, and (iii) particle‐size distribution. Soil properties were analyzed for their ability to discriminate source areas using stepwise discriminant analysis. The percent correct predictions for geologic unit groups ranged from 30% to 100%. A blind study experiment matched four of the 18 samples to their unit of origin with the first choice by stepwise discriminant analysis, and eight were matched as second and third choices. The probability of selecting the appropriate unit of origin increased by 54% over random chance and eliminated as much as 99% of the field area as a potential search location. 相似文献
525.
Aram Sinnreich Michelle C. Forelle Patricia Aufderheide 《Communication Law & Policy》2018,23(3):197-220
Over the past three decades, open licensing has evolved from hacker culture thought experiment to a transformative force in applied copyright across a range of industries. Yet very little empirical research exists to understand its disparate uses. This article examines social practices and attitudes about open licensing in order to examine the practical experience of creators and consumers who use this tool and in order to assess its value in moderating the negative consequences of extensive copyright. The discussion about the role of open licensing in creative industries and communities tends to be polarized into two vantage points. Either (1) it is a new, altruistic paradigm enabling creative communities to rework copyright to fit their vision for the cultural commons, or (2) it is a radical theft of creative labor, encouraged by Google and other digital industrial powerhouses, to cheat creators out of their share of profits. Both of these rhetorical vantage points presume a monolithic and largely either selfless or unaware base of creative laborers. We analyze data from a series of surveys across a range of creative fields and practices to show that creators employ open licensing for a variety of reasons, including instrumental purposes oriented toward skirting the many impediments created by institutions and law, rather than merely because they are unaware or selfless. 相似文献
526.
美国最高法院性骚扰案件审判概况以及美国反性骚扰立法的发展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文就美国的性骚扰法律做了一个概述。本文将性骚扰问题界定为权力问题,涉及一人对另一人不公正地行使权力。文章在回顾美国联邦最高法院如何首次承认性骚扰问题为非法的性别歧视的基础上,分析了美国最高法院就性骚扰问题的一些判决。本文中还讨论了联邦反性骚扰法律中的关键法律问题,介绍了州性骚扰法律的发展,强调了性骚扰法律对美国女性的影响,并就中国最近颁布的性骚扰法律的法规制定提出了一些参考建议。 相似文献
527.
528.
Measuring the Long-Term Impact of a Community Conflict Resolution Process: A Case Study Using Content Analysis of Public Documents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Negotiation Journal - What are the enduring effects of community-based conflict resolution processes? According to the research reported here, lessons participants learn in conflict resolution... 相似文献
529.
Patricia E. Byrnes 《Public Budgeting & Finance》1993,13(4):29-44
The Defense Business Operating Fund initiative in the Department of Defense (DoD) consolidates existing industrial and stock funds. This initiative is intended to enhance the departmental management of an estimated $81 billion sale of goods and services in fiscal year 1993. Revolving funds have a long history in the department. This article examines the role of revolving funds and their performance in DoD. The potential benefits of consolidation of funds are discussed. Emphasis is given to budgetary, management, and accounting changes intended to enhance management of the funds. The effect of implementation issues on the realization of potential benefits is also explored. 相似文献
530.
Patricia K. Kerig 《Journal of family violence》1998,13(4):345-363
The hypothesis that children's appraisals mediate the relationship between interparental violence and adjustment was tested in a sample of 106 maritally violent families. Multiple regressions showed that interparental violence was a predictor of total problems, externalizing, internalizing, and anxiety for boys, and total problems and internalizing for girls. Appraisals of conflict properties mediated the relationship between violence and boys' total problems and externalizing, and girls' total problems and internalizing. Interparental violence was related to appraisals in gender-differentiated ways, particularly to increased threat for boys, and self-blame for girls. Further, threat mediated the impact of violence on boys' anxiety, while self-blame mediated the relationship between violence and girls' internalizing. 相似文献